Skip to main content
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1997 Jan;35(1):223–227. doi: 10.1128/jcm.35.1.223-227.1997

Detection and sequences of the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 gene in enterotoxigenic E. coli strains isolated from piglets and calves with diarrhea.

T Yamamoto 1, M Nakazawa 1
PMCID: PMC229543  PMID: 8968912

Abstract

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains isolated from piglets and calves with diarrhea were tested for the presence of the enteroaggregative E. coli enterotoxin 1 (EAST1) gene sequences by PCR and colony hybridization. The EAST1 gene was found in most porcine ETEC strains with adherence factor K88, especially in those elaborating heat-labile enterotoxin. One porcine ETEC strain with adherence factor K99 was also positive for the EAST1 gene. In contrast, 987P-positive (987P+) ETEC strains from piglets, K99+ ETEC strains from calves, and K99+ F41+ or F41+ ETEC strains from piglets and calves were negative for the EAST1 gene. The K88ab+ or K88ac+ ETEC strains tested possessed the EAST1 gene on a plasmid that was distinct from a K88-encoding plasmid. The EAST1 gene sequences of the K88+ ETEC strains were identical to each other and 99.1 and 98.3% homologous to the previously reported sequences of ETEC strains colonizing humans and enteroaggregative E. coli strains, respectively. The data indicate that the EAST1 gene is distributed among porcine ETEC strains in association with the adherence factor type.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (250.5 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Acres S. D. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in newborn calves: a review. J Dairy Sci. 1985 Jan;68(1):229–256. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(85)80814-6. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Awad-Masalmeh M., Moon H. W., Runnels P. L., Schneider R. A. Pilus production, hemagglutination, and adhesion by porcine strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli lacking K88, K99, and 987P antigens. Infect Immun. 1982 Jan;35(1):305–313. doi: 10.1128/iai.35.1.305-313.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Betley M. J., Miller V. L., Mekalanos J. J. Genetics of bacterial enterotoxins. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1986;40:577–605. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.40.100186.003045. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dean A. G., Ching Y. C., Williams R. G., Harden L. B. Test for Escherichia coli enterotoxin using infant mice: application in a study of diarrhea in children in Honolulu. J Infect Dis. 1972 Apr;125(4):407–411. doi: 10.1093/infdis/125.4.407. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Elwell L. P., Shipley P. L. Plasmid-mediated factors associated with virulence of bacteria to animals. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1980;34:465–496. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.34.100180.002341. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Fairbrother J. M., Larivière S., Lallier R. New fimbrial antigen F165 from Escherichia coli serogroup O115 strains isolated from piglets with diarrhea. Infect Immun. 1986 Jan;51(1):10–15. doi: 10.1128/iai.51.1.10-15.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Furowicz A. J., Orskov F. Two new Escherichia coli O antigens, O150 and O157, and one new K antigen, K92, in strains isolated from veterinary diseases. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B Microbiol Immunol. 1972;80(3):441–444. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1972.tb00058.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gaastra W., de Graaf F. K. Host-specific fimbrial adhesins of noninvasive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains. Microbiol Rev. 1982 Jun;46(2):129–161. doi: 10.1128/mr.46.2.129-161.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gyles C. L. Escherichia coli cytotoxins and enterotoxins. Can J Microbiol. 1992 Jul;38(7):734–746. doi: 10.1139/m92-120. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Harel J., Lapointe H., Fallara A., Lortie L. A., Bigras-Poulin M., Larivière S., Fairbrother J. M. Detection of genes for fimbrial antigens and enterotoxins associated with Escherichia coli serogroups isolated from pigs with diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol. 1991 Apr;29(4):745–752. doi: 10.1128/jcm.29.4.745-752.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Isaacson R. E., Nagy B., Moon H. W. Colonization of porcine small intestine by Escherichia coli: colonization and adhesion factors of pig enteropathogens that lack K88. J Infect Dis. 1977 Apr;135(4):531–539. doi: 10.1093/infdis/135.4.531. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kado C. I., Liu S. T. Rapid procedure for detection and isolation of large and small plasmids. J Bacteriol. 1981 Mar;145(3):1365–1373. doi: 10.1128/jb.145.3.1365-1373.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Klemm P. Fimbrial adhesions of Escherichia coli. Rev Infect Dis. 1985 May-Jun;7(3):321–340. doi: 10.1093/clinids/7.3.321. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. LENNOX E. S. Transduction of linked genetic characters of the host by bacteriophage P1. Virology. 1955 Jul;1(2):190–206. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(55)90016-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Levine M. M. Escherichia coli that cause diarrhea: enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, enterohemorrhagic, and enteroadherent. J Infect Dis. 1987 Mar;155(3):377–389. doi: 10.1093/infdis/155.3.377. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Lintermans P. F., Pohl P., Bertels A., Charlier G., Vandekerckhove J., Van Damme J., Schoup J., Schlicker C., Korhonen T., De Greve H. Characterization and purification of the F17 adhesin on the surface of bovine enteropathogenic and septicemic Escherichia coli. Am J Vet Res. 1988 Nov;49(11):1794–1799. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Murray M. G., Thompson W. F. Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Oct 10;8(19):4321–4325. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.19.4321. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Nagy B., Moon H. W., Isaacson R. E. Colonization of porcine small intestine by Escherichia coli: ileal colonization and adhesion by pig enteropathogens that lack K88 antigen and by some acapsular mutants. Infect Immun. 1976 Apr;13(4):1214–1220. doi: 10.1128/iai.13.4.1214-1220.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Nakazawa M., Sugimoto C., Isayama Y., Kashiwazaki M. Virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from piglets with neonatal and post-weaning diarrhea in Japan. Vet Microbiol. 1987 Apr;13(4):291–300. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(87)90060-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Nataro J. P., Deng Y., Cookson S., Cravioto A., Savarino S. J., Guers L. D., Levine M. M., Tacket C. O. Heterogeneity of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli virulence demonstrated in volunteers. J Infect Dis. 1995 Feb;171(2):465–468. doi: 10.1093/infdis/171.2.465. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. ORSKOV I., ORSKOV F., SOJKA W. J., WITTIG W. K ANTIGENS K88AB(L) AND K88AC(L) IN E. COLI. A NEW O ANTIGEN: 0147 AND A NEW K ANTIGEN: K89(B). Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1964;62:439–447. doi: 10.1111/apm.1964.62.3.439. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Orskov I., Orskov F., Smith H. W., Sojka W. J. The establishment of K99, a thermolabile, transmissible escherichia coli K antigen, previously called "Kco", possessed by calf and lamb enteropathogenic strains. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B. 1975 Feb;83(1):31–36. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb00066.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Orskov I., Orskov F., Wittig W., Sweeney E. J. A new E. coli serotype O149:K9 (B), K88ac (L): H10 isolated from diseased swine. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1969;75(3):491–498. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Osek J., Svennerholm A. M. Determination of K88 antigens and enterotoxins of Escherichia coli strains isolated from Polish piglets with diarrhea by the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Vet Microbiol. 1991 Nov;29(3-4):299–307. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(91)90137-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Savarino S. J., Fasano A., Robertson D. C., Levine M. M. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli elaborate a heat-stable enterotoxin demonstrable in an in vitro rabbit intestinal model. J Clin Invest. 1991 Apr;87(4):1450–1455. doi: 10.1172/JCI115151. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Savarino S. J., Fasano A., Watson J., Martin B. M., Levine M. M., Guandalini S., Guerry P. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 represents another subfamily of E. coli heat-stable toxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Apr 1;90(7):3093–3097. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.7.3093. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Schoonderwoerd M., Clarke R. C., van Dreumel A. A., Rawluk S. A. Colitis in calves: natural and experimental infection with a verotoxin-producing strain of Escherichia coli O111:NM. Can J Vet Res. 1988 Oct;52(4):484–487. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Shipley P. L., Gyles C. L., Falkow S. Characterization of plasmids that encode for the K88 colonization antigen. Infect Immun. 1978 May;20(2):559–566. doi: 10.1128/iai.20.2.559-566.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. So M., Heffron F., McCarthy B. J. The E. coli gene encoding heat stable toxin is a bacterial transposon flanked by inverted repeats of IS1. Nature. 1979 Feb 8;277(5696):453–456. doi: 10.1038/277453a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Wilson R. A., Francis D. H. Fimbriae and enterotoxins associated with Escherichia coli serogroups isolated from pigs with colibacillosis. Am J Vet Res. 1986 Feb;47(2):213–217. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Womble D. D., Rownd R. H. Genetic and physical map of plasmid NR1: comparison with other IncFII antibiotic resistance plasmids. Microbiol Rev. 1988 Dec;52(4):433–451. doi: 10.1128/mr.52.4.433-451.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Wray C., McLaren I. M., Carroll P. J. Escherichia coli isolated from farm animals in England and Wales between 1986 and 1991. Vet Rec. 1993 Oct 30;133(18):439–442. doi: 10.1136/vr.133.18.439. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Yamamoto T., Echeverria P. Detection of the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 gene sequences in enterotoxigenic E. coli strains pathogenic for humans. Infect Immun. 1996 Apr;64(4):1441–1445. doi: 10.1128/iai.64.4.1441-1445.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Yamamoto T., Koyama Y., Matsumoto M., Sonoda E., Nakayama S., Uchimura M., Paveenkittiporn W., Tamura K., Yokota T., Echeverria P. Localized, aggregative, and diffuse adherence to HeLa cells, plastic, and human small intestines by Escherichia coli isolated from patients with diarrhea. J Infect Dis. 1992 Dec;166(6):1295–1310. doi: 10.1093/infdis/166.6.1295. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Yamamoto T., Wakisaka N., Nakae T., Kamano T., Serichantalergs O., Echeverria P. Characterization of a novel hemagglutinin of diarrhea-associated Escherichia coli that has characteristics of diffusely adhering E. coli and enteroaggregative E. coli. Infect Immun. 1996 Sep;64(9):3694–3702. doi: 10.1128/iai.64.9.3694-3702.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. de Graaf F. K., Wientjes F. B., Klaasen-Boor P. Production of K99 antigen by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains of antigen groups o8, o9, o20, and o101 grown at different conditions. Infect Immun. 1980 Jan;27(1):216–221. doi: 10.1128/iai.27.1.216-221.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES