Abstract
Ehrlichia spp. from human and equine sources in the northeastern Unites States were detected by PCR, isolated, and propagated in the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line. Growth of Ehrlichia from both equine and human sources was enhanced by addition of retinoic acid, which causes granulocytic differentiation of the HL-60 cells. DNA sequencing of a portion of the 16S rDNA gene supported the hypothesis that the same pathogen was responsible for both equine and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (457.0 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Anderson B. E., Dawson J. E., Jones D. C., Wilson K. H. Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a new species associated with human ehrlichiosis. J Clin Microbiol. 1991 Dec;29(12):2838–2842. doi: 10.1128/jcm.29.12.2838-2842.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Breitman T. R., Selonick S. E., Collins S. J. Induction of differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60) by retinoic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 May;77(5):2936–2940. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.5.2936. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chen S. M., Dumler J. S., Bakken J. S., Walker D. H. Identification of a granulocytotropic Ehrlichia species as the etiologic agent of human disease. J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Mar;32(3):589–595. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.3.589-595.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goodman J. L., Nelson C., Vitale B., Madigan J. E., Dumler J. S., Kurtti T. J., Munderloh U. G. Direct cultivation of the causative agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. N Engl J Med. 1996 Jan 25;334(4):209–215. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199601253340401. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Johansson K. E., Pettersson B., Uhlén M., Gunnarsson A., Malmqvist M., Olsson E. Identification of the causative agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Swedish dogs and horses by direct solid phase sequencing of PCR products from the 16S rRNA gene. Res Vet Sci. 1995 Mar;58(2):109–112. doi: 10.1016/0034-5288(95)90061-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Madigan J. E., Barlough J. E., Dumler J. S., Schankman N. S., DeRock E. Equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Connecticut caused by an agent resembling the human granulocytotropic ehrlichia. J Clin Microbiol. 1996 Feb;34(2):434–435. doi: 10.1128/jcm.34.2.434-435.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Neill S. L., Giordano R., Colbert A. M., Karr T. L., Robertson H. M. 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis of the bacterial endosymbionts associated with cytoplasmic incompatibility in insects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Apr 1;89(7):2699–2702. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.7.2699. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pancholi P., Kolbert C. P., Mitchell P. D., Reed K. D., Jr, Dumler J. S., Bakken J. S., Telford S. R., 3rd, Persing D. H. Ixodes dammini as a potential vector of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. J Infect Dis. 1995 Oct;172(4):1007–1012. doi: 10.1093/infdis/172.4.1007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rikihisa Y. The tribe Ehrlichieae and ehrlichial diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1991 Jul;4(3):286–308. doi: 10.1128/cmr.4.3.286. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Walker D. H., Dumler J. S. Emergence of the ehrlichioses as human health problems. Emerg Infect Dis. 1996 Jan-Mar;2(1):18–29. doi: 10.3201/eid0201.960102. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yen A., Brown D., Fishbaugh J. Control of HL-60 monocytic differentiation. Different pathways and uncoupled expression of differentiation markers. Exp Cell Res. 1987 Jan;168(1):247–254. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(87)90432-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]