Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1997 Jul;35(7):1772–1776. doi: 10.1128/jcm.35.7.1772-1776.1997

Genotypic distribution of hepatitis C virus in different regions of Thailand.

D Kanistanon 1, M Neelamek 1, T Dharakul 1, S Songsivilai 1
PMCID: PMC229839  PMID: 9196191

Abstract

The genotypic distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolated from blood donors from four major regions of Thailand was studied by reverse hybridization assays. PCR-amplified products from the 5' noncoding and core regions of the viral genome were hybridized to genotype- and subtype-specific probes which were immobilized on the nitrocellulose membrane. Of 332 anti-HCV-positive plasma samples studied, 71% contained HCV RNA. HCV genotype 3a was the most prevalent genotype (39%), followed by genotype 1b (20%) and genotype 6 group variants (18%). HCV genotype 1a was identified among 9% of all isolates. Other genotypes (genotype 1 which was neither 1a nor 1b, genotype 3b, and an unclassified genotype) were uncommon. There was no difference in the mean age of the donors infected with different HCV genotypes. The genotypic distribution pattern of HCV was similar among HCV isolates from different regions of Thailand.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (565.3 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Apichartpiyakul C., Chittivudikarn C., Miyajima H., Homma M., Hotta H. Analysis of hepatitis C virus isolates among healthy blood donors and drug addicts in Chiang Mai, Thailand. J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Sep;32(9):2276–2279. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.9.2276-2279.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bhattacherjee V., Prescott L. E., Pike I., Rodgers B., Bell H., El-Zayadi A. R., Kew M. C., Conradie J., Lin C. K., Marsden H. Use of NS-4 peptides to identify type-specific antibody to hepatitis C virus genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. J Gen Virol. 1995 Jul;76(Pt 7):1737–1748. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-76-7-1737. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bukh J., Miller R. H., Purcell R. H. Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus: quasispecies and genotypes. Semin Liver Dis. 1995 Feb;15(1):41–63. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1007262. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chainuvati T., Poovorawan Y., Luengrojanakul P. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody in high risk group of Thai children and adults. Gastroenterol Jpn. 1991 Jul;26 (Suppl 3):176–178. doi: 10.1007/BF02779293. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Choo Q. L., Richman K. H., Han J. H., Berger K., Lee C., Dong C., Gallegos C., Coit D., Medina-Selby R., Barr P. J. Genetic organization and diversity of the hepatitis C virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 15;88(6):2451–2455. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.6.2451. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Davidson F., Simmonds P., Ferguson J. C., Jarvis L. M., Dow B. C., Follett E. A., Seed C. R., Krusius T., Lin C., Medgyesi G. A. Survey of major genotypes and subtypes of hepatitis C virus using RFLP of sequences amplified from the 5' non-coding region. J Gen Virol. 1995 May;76(Pt 5):1197–1204. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-76-5-1197. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Greene W. K., Cheong M. K., Ng V., Yap K. W. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus sequence variants in South-East Asia. J Gen Virol. 1995 Jan;76(Pt 1):211–215. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-76-1-211. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hanley J. P., Jarvis L. M., Andrew J., Dennis R., Hayes P. C., Piris J., Lee R., Simmonds P., Ludlam C. A. Interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C infection in hemophiliacs--influence of virus load, genotype, and liver pathology on response. Blood. 1996 Mar 1;87(5):1704–1709. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kawasaki E., Saiki R., Erlich H. Genetic analysis using polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA and immobilized oligonucleotide probes: reverse dot-blot typing. Methods Enzymol. 1993;218:369–381. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(93)18029-c. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kwok S., Higuchi R. Avoiding false positives with PCR. Nature. 1989 May 18;339(6221):237–238. doi: 10.1038/339237a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Luengrojanakul P., Vareesangthip K., Chainuvati T., Murata K., Tsuda F., Tokita H., Okamoto H., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with chronic liver disease or chronic renal failure and blood donors in Thailand. J Med Virol. 1994 Nov;44(3):287–292. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890440313. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Maggi F., Vatteroni M. L., Pistello M., Avio C. M., Cecconi N., Panicucci F., Bendinelli M. Serological reactivity and viral genotypes in hepatitis C virus infection. J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Jan;33(1):209–211. doi: 10.1128/jcm.33.1.209-211.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. McOmish F., Yap P. L., Dow B. C., Follett E. A., Seed C., Keller A. J., Cobain T. J., Krusius T., Kolho E., Naukkarinen R. Geographical distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in blood donors: an international collaborative survey. J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Apr;32(4):884–892. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.4.884-892.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mellor J., Walsh E. A., Prescott L. E., Jarvis L. M., Davidson F., Yap P. L., Simmonds P. Survey of type 6 group variants of hepatitis C virus in Southeast Asia by using a core-based genotyping assay. J Clin Microbiol. 1996 Feb;34(2):417–423. doi: 10.1128/jcm.34.2.417-423.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mori S., Kato N., Yagyu A., Tanaka T., Ikeda Y., Petchclai B., Chiewsilp P., Kurimura T., Shimotohno K. A new type of hepatitis C virus in patients in Thailand. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Feb 28;183(1):334–342. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)91648-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Okamoto H., Mishiro S., Tokita H., Tsuda F., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. Superinfection of chimpanzees carrying hepatitis C virus of genotype II/1b with that of genotype III/2a or I/1a. Hepatology. 1994 Nov;20(5):1131–1136. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Pawlotsky J. M., Tsakiris L., Roudot-Thoraval F., Pellet C., Stuyver L., Duval J., Dhumeaux D. Relationship between hepatitis C virus genotypes and sources of infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Infect Dis. 1995 Jun;171(6):1607–1610. doi: 10.1093/infdis/171.6.1607. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Simmonds P., Holmes E. C., Cha T. A., Chan S. W., McOmish F., Irvine B., Beall E., Yap P. L., Kolberg J., Urdea M. S. Classification of hepatitis C virus into six major genotypes and a series of subtypes by phylogenetic analysis of the NS-5 region. J Gen Virol. 1993 Nov;74(Pt 11):2391–2399. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-74-11-2391. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Simmonds P., Rose K. A., Graham S., Chan S. W., McOmish F., Dow B. C., Follett E. A., Yap P. L., Marsden H. Mapping of serotype-specific, immunodominant epitopes in the NS-4 region of hepatitis C virus (HCV): use of type-specific peptides to serologically differentiate infections with HCV types 1, 2, and 3. J Clin Microbiol. 1993 Jun;31(6):1493–1503. doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.6.1493-1503.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Songsivilai S., Kanistanon D., Panyavinin W., Neelamek M., Dharakul T. Improved amplification system for detection of hepatitis C virus genome that simultaneously differentiates viral genotypes. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1996 Jun;27(2):237–243. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Stuyver L., Rossau R., Wyseur A., Duhamel M., Vanderborght B., Van Heuverswyn H., Maertens G. Typing of hepatitis C virus isolates and characterization of new subtypes using a line probe assay. J Gen Virol. 1993 Jun;74(Pt 6):1093–1102. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-74-6-1093. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Tokita H., Okamoto H., Luengrojanakul P., Vareesangthip K., Chainuvati T., Iizuka H., Tsuda F., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. Hepatitis C virus variants from Thailand classifiable into five novel genotypes in the sixth (6b), seventh (7c, 7d) and ninth (9b, 9c) major genetic groups. J Gen Virol. 1995 Sep;76(Pt 9):2329–2335. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-76-9-2329. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Tokita H., Okamoto H., Tsuda F., Song P., Nakata S., Chosa T., Iizuka H., Mishiro S., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. Hepatitis C virus variants from Vietnam are classifiable into the seventh, eighth, and ninth major genetic groups. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Nov 8;91(23):11022–11026. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.23.11022. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES