Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1997 Dec;35(12):3320–3322. doi: 10.1128/jcm.35.12.3320-3322.1997

Increased levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in sera of patients with Orientia tsutsugamushi infection.

H Iwasaki 1, N Takada 1, T Nakamura 1, T Ueda 1
PMCID: PMC230174  PMID: 9399546

Abstract

Levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (nine of nine patients) and gamma interferon (six of nine patients) in serum were elevated above the range of normal in the acute phase of tsutsugamushi disease. Significant increases in levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha were observed during the convalescent phase in five patients, and they exceeded the levels observed during the acute phase. Hypercytokinemia appeared to be responsible for the emergence of the symptoms of tsutsugamushi disease.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (123.5 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Beutler B., Cerami A. Cachectin: more than a tumor necrosis factor. N Engl J Med. 1987 Feb 12;316(7):379–385. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198702123160705. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Groves M. G., Kelly D. J. Characterization of factors determining Rickettsia tsutsugamushi pathogenicity for mice. Infect Immun. 1989 May;57(5):1476–1482. doi: 10.1128/iai.57.5.1476-1482.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Hanson B. Comparative susceptibility to mouse interferons of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi strains with different virulence in mice and of Rickettsia rickettsii. Infect Immun. 1991 Nov;59(11):4134–4141. doi: 10.1128/iai.59.11.4134-4141.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Itoh Y., Okanoue T., Enjyo F., Sakamoto S., Ohmoto Y., Hirai Y., Kagawa K., Kashima K. Serum levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in liver disease. J Hepatol. 1994 Oct;21(4):527–535. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8278(94)80097-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Iwasaki H., Hashimoto K., Takada N., Nakayama T., Ueda T., Nakamura T. Fulminant Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infection associated with haemophagocytic syndrome. Lancet. 1994 May 14;343(8907):1236–1236. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92456-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Iwasaki H., Ueda T., Uchida M., Nakamura T., Takada N., Mahara F. Atypical lymphocytes with a multilobated nucleus from a patient with tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) in Japan. Am J Hematol. 1991 Feb;36(2):150–151. doi: 10.1002/ajh.2830360216. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Jerrells T. R., Osterman J. V. Host defenses in experimental scrub typhus: delayed-type hypersensitivity responses of inbred mice. Infect Immun. 1982 Jan;35(1):117–123. doi: 10.1128/iai.35.1.117-123.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Kern W. V., Oristrell J., Segura-Porta F., Kern P. Release of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in Mediterranean spotted fever rickettsiosis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1996 Mar;3(2):233–235. doi: 10.1128/cdli.3.2.233-235.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kita M., Ohmoto Y., Hirai Y., Yamaguchi N., Imanishi J. Induction of cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by mycoplasmas. Microbiol Immunol. 1992;36(5):507–516. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1992.tb02048.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Nacy C. A., Meltzer M. S. Macrophages in resistance to rickettsial infection: macrophage activation in vitro for killing of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. J Immunol. 1979 Dec;123(6):2544–2549. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Tamura A., Ohashi N., Urakami H., Miyamura S. Classification of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in a new genus, Orientia gen. nov., as Orientia tsutsugamushi comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1995 Jul;45(3):589–591. doi: 10.1099/00207713-45-3-589. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Taverne J., Matthews N., Depledge P., Playfair J. H. Malarial parasites and tumour cells are killed by the same component of tumour necrosis serum. Clin Exp Immunol. 1984 Aug;57(2):293–300. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Walker D. H., Radisch D. L., Kirkman H. N. Haemolysis with rickettsiosis and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Lancet. 1983 Jul 23;2(8343):217–217. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)90194-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Williams D. M., Bonewald L. F., Roodman G. D., Byrne G. I., Magee D. M., Schachter J. Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a cytotoxin induced by murine Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Infect Immun. 1989 May;57(5):1351–1355. doi: 10.1128/iai.57.5.1351-1355.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Wirth J. J., Kierszenbaum F. Recombinant tumor necrosis factor enhances macrophage destruction of Trypanosoma cruzi in the presence of bacterial endotoxin. J Immunol. 1988 Jul 1;141(1):286–288. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Yamamoto S., Minamishima Y. Serodiagnosis of tsutsugamushi fever (scrub typhus) by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. J Clin Microbiol. 1982 Jun;15(6):1128–1132. doi: 10.1128/jcm.15.6.1128-1132.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES