Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1997 Dec;71(12):9118–9123. doi: 10.1128/jvi.71.12.9118-9123.1997

The pseudorabies virus UL28 protein enters the nucleus after coexpression with the herpes simplex virus UL15 protein.

K M Koslowski 1, P R Shaver 1, X Y Wang 1, D J Tenney 1, N E Pederson 1
PMCID: PMC230212  PMID: 9371568

Abstract

Herpesvirus DNA is packaged into capsids in the nuclei of infected cells in a process requiring at least six viral proteins. Of the proteins required for encapsidation of viral DNA, UL15 and UL28 are the most conserved among herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV), varicella-zoster virus, and equine herpesvirus 1. The subcellular distribution of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) UL28 protein was examined by in situ immunofluorescence. UL28 was present in the nuclei of infected cells; however, UL28 was limited to the cytoplasm in the absence of other viral proteins. When cells expressing variant forms of UL28 were infected with a PRV UL28-null mutant, UL28 entered the nucleus, provided the carboxyl-terminal 155 amino acids were present. Additionally, PRV UL28 entered the nucleus in cells infected with HSV. Two HSV packaging proteins were tested for the ability to affect the subcellular distribution of UL28. Coexpression of HSV UL15 enabled PRV UL28 to enter the nucleus in a manner that required the carboxyl-terminal 155 amino acids of UL28. Coexpression of HSV UL25 did not affect the distribution of UL28. We propose that an interaction between UL15 and UL28 facilitates the transport of a UL15-UL28 complex to the infected-cell nucleus.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (399.3 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Addison C., Rixon F. J., Preston V. G. Herpes simplex virus type 1 UL28 gene product is important for the formation of mature capsids. J Gen Virol. 1990 Oct;71(Pt 10):2377–2384. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-71-10-2377. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baines J. D., Cunningham C., Nalwanga D., Davison A. The U(L)15 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains within its second exon a novel open reading frame that is translated in frame with the U(L)15 gene product. J Virol. 1997 Apr;71(4):2666–2673. doi: 10.1128/jvi.71.4.2666-2673.1997. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Baines J. D., Poon A. P., Rovnak J., Roizman B. The herpes simplex virus 1 UL15 gene encodes two proteins and is required for cleavage of genomic viral DNA. J Virol. 1994 Dec;68(12):8118–8124. doi: 10.1128/jvi.68.12.8118-8124.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cai W. Z., Person S., Warner S. C., Zhou J. H., DeLuca N. A. Linker-insertion nonsense and restriction-site deletion mutations of the gB glycoprotein gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Virol. 1987 Mar;61(3):714–721. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.3.714-721.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cavalcoli J. D., Baghian A., Homa F. L., Kousoulas K. G. Resolution of genotypic and phenotypic properties of herpes simplex virus type 1 temperature-sensitive mutant (KOS) tsZ47: evidence for allelic complementation in the UL28 gene. Virology. 1993 Nov;197(1):23–34. doi: 10.1006/viro.1993.1563. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. DeLuca N., Bzik D. J., Bond V. C., Person S., Snipes W. Nucleotide sequences of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) affecting virus entry, cell fusion, and production of glycoprotein gb (VP7). Virology. 1982 Oct 30;122(2):411–423. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90240-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hong Z., Ferrari E., Wright-Minogue J., Chase R., Risano C., Seelig G., Lee C. G., Kwong A. D. Enzymatic characterization of hepatitis C virus NS3/4A complexes expressed in mammalian cells by using the herpes simplex virus amplicon system. J Virol. 1996 Jul;70(7):4261–4268. doi: 10.1128/jvi.70.7.4261-4268.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Kalderon D., Roberts B. L., Richardson W. D., Smith A. E. A short amino acid sequence able to specify nuclear location. Cell. 1984 Dec;39(3 Pt 2):499–509. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90457-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Klupp B. G., Kern H., Mettenleiter T. C. The virulence-determining genomic BamHI fragment 4 of pseudorabies virus contains genes corresponding to the UL15 (partial), UL18, UL19, UL20, and UL21 genes of herpes simplex virus and a putative origin of replication. Virology. 1992 Dec;191(2):900–908. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90265-q. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Lamberti C., Weller S. K. The herpes simplex virus type 1 UL6 protein is essential for cleavage and packaging but not for genomic inversion. Virology. 1996 Dec 15;226(2):403–407. doi: 10.1006/viro.1996.0668. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. McGeoch D. J., Dalrymple M. A., Davison A. J., Dolan A., Frame M. C., McNab D., Perry L. J., Scott J. E., Taylor P. The complete DNA sequence of the long unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Gen Virol. 1988 Jul;69(Pt 7):1531–1574. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-69-7-1531. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. McGeoch D. J., Dolan A., Donald S., Rixon F. J. Sequence determination and genetic content of the short unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Mol Biol. 1985 Jan 5;181(1):1–13. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90320-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Mettenleiter T. C., Saalmüller A., Weiland F. Pseudorabies virus protein homologous to herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP18.5 is necessary for capsid maturation. J Virol. 1993 Mar;67(3):1236–1245. doi: 10.1128/jvi.67.3.1236-1245.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mettenleiter T. C., Spear P. G. Glycoprotein gB (gII) of pseudorabies virus can functionally substitute for glycoprotein gB in herpes simplex virus type 1. J Virol. 1994 Jan;68(1):500–504. doi: 10.1128/jvi.68.1.500-504.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Moriuchi H., Moriuchi M., Dean H., Cheung A. K., Cohen J. I. Pseudorabies virus EPO is functionally homologous to varicella-zoster virus ORF61 protein and herpes simplex virus type 1 ICPO. Virology. 1995 May 10;209(1):281–283. doi: 10.1006/viro.1995.1256. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Pancake B. A., Aschman D. P., Schaffer P. A. Genetic and phenotypic analysis of herpes simplex virus type 1 mutants conditionally resistant to immune cytolysis. J Virol. 1983 Sep;47(3):568–585. doi: 10.1128/jvi.47.3.568-585.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Patel A. H., Rixon F. J., Cunningham C., Davison A. J. Isolation and characterization of herpes simplex virus type 1 mutants defective in the UL6 gene. Virology. 1996 Mar 1;217(1):111–123. doi: 10.1006/viro.1996.0098. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Pederson N. E., Enquist L. W. Overexpression in bacterial and identification in infected cells of the pseudorabies virus protein homologous to herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP18.5. J Virol. 1991 Jul;65(7):3746–3758. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.7.3746-3758.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Poon A. P., Roizman B. Characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant of the UL15 open reading frame of herpes simplex virus 1. J Virol. 1993 Aug;67(8):4497–4503. doi: 10.1128/jvi.67.8.4497-4503.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Sherman G., Bachenheimer S. L. DNA processing in temperature-sensitive morphogenic mutants of HSV-1. Virology. 1987 Jun;158(2):427–430. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90214-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Tengelsen L. A., Pederson N. E., Shaver P. R., Wathen M. W., Homa F. L. Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA cleavage and encapsidation require the product of the UL28 gene: isolation and characterization of two UL28 deletion mutants. J Virol. 1993 Jun;67(6):3470–3480. doi: 10.1128/jvi.67.6.3470-3480.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Thompson J. F., Hayes L. S., Lloyd D. B. Modulation of firefly luciferase stability and impact on studies of gene regulation. Gene. 1991 Jul 22;103(2):171–177. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90270-l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Ward P. L., Ogle W. O., Roizman B. Assemblons: nuclear structures defined by aggregation of immature capsids and some tegument proteins of herpes simplex virus 1. J Virol. 1996 Jul;70(7):4623–4631. doi: 10.1128/jvi.70.7.4623-4631.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Weller S. K., Carmichael E. P., Aschman D. P., Goldstein D. J., Schaffer P. A. Genetic and phenotypic characterization of mutants in four essential genes that map to the left half of HSV-1 UL DNA. Virology. 1987 Nov;161(1):198–210. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90186-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Yu D., Sheaffer A. K., Tenney D. J., Weller S. K. Characterization of ICP6::lacZ insertion mutants of the UL15 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 reveals the translation of two proteins. J Virol. 1997 Apr;71(4):2656–2665. doi: 10.1128/jvi.71.4.2656-2665.1997. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. al-Kobaisi M. F., Rixon F. J., McDougall I., Preston V. G. The herpes simplex virus UL33 gene product is required for the assembly of full capsids. Virology. 1991 Jan;180(1):380–388. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90043-b. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES