Skip to main content
PMC home page
Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1995 Jun;15(6):3090–3099. doi: 10.1128/mcb.15.6.3090

c-Myb and core-binding factor/PEBP2 display functional synergy but bind independently to adjacent sites in the T-cell receptor delta enhancer.

C Hernandez-Munain 1, M S Krangel 1
PMCID: PMC230540  PMID: 7760805

Abstract

A T-cell-specific transcriptional enhancer lies within the J delta 3-C delta intron of the human T-cell receptor delta gene. We have previously shown that a 30-bp element, denoted delta E3, acts as the minimal TCR delta enhancer and that within delta E3, adjacent and precisely spaced binding sites for core-binding factor (CBF/PEBP2) and c-Myb are essential for transcriptional activity. These data suggested that CBF/PEBP2 and c-Myb synergize to mediate transcriptional activity but did not establish the molecular basis for synergy. In this study, we have examined in detail the binding of CBF/PEBP2 and c-Myb to delta E3. We found that CBF/PEBP2 and c-Myb could simultaneously occupy the core site and one of two overlapping Myb sites within delta E3. However, equilibrium binding and kinetic dissociation experiments suggest that the two factors bind to delta E3 independently, rather than cooperatively. This was found to be true by using isoforms of these factors present in extracts of transfected COS-7 cells, as well as the natural factors present in nuclear extracts of the Jurkat T-cell line. We further showed that CBF/PEBP2 and c-Myb provide unique transactivation functions, since the core-Myb combination cannot be substituted by dimerized core or Myb sites. We propose that spatially precise synergy between CBF/PEBP2 and c-Myb may result from the ability of the two factors to form a composite surface that makes unique and stereospecific contacts with one or more additional components of the transcriptional machinery.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (776.0 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Andersson S., Davis D. L., Dahlbäck H., Jörnvall H., Russell D. W. Cloning, structure, and expression of the mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 sterol 26-hydroxylase, a bile acid biosynthetic enzyme. J Biol Chem. 1989 May 15;264(14):8222–8229. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Badiani P., Corbella P., Kioussis D., Marvel J., Weston K. Dominant interfering alleles define a role for c-Myb in T-cell development. Genes Dev. 1994 Apr 1;8(7):770–782. doi: 10.1101/gad.8.7.770. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bae S. C., Ogawa E., Maruyama M., Oka H., Satake M., Shigesada K., Jenkins N. A., Gilbert D. J., Copeland N. G., Ito Y. PEBP2 alpha B/mouse AML1 consists of multiple isoforms that possess differential transactivation potentials. Mol Cell Biol. 1994 May;14(5):3242–3252. doi: 10.1128/mcb.14.5.3242. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bae S. C., Yamaguchi-Iwai Y., Ogawa E., Maruyama M., Inuzuka M., Kagoshima H., Shigesada K., Satake M., Ito Y. Isolation of PEBP2 alpha B cDNA representing the mouse homolog of human acute myeloid leukemia gene, AML1. Oncogene. 1993 Mar;8(3):809–814. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Biedenkapp H., Borgmeyer U., Sippel A. E., Klempnauer K. H. Viral myb oncogene encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding activity. Nature. 1988 Oct 27;335(6193):835–837. doi: 10.1038/335835a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Brou C., Chaudhary S., Davidson I., Lutz Y., Wu J., Egly J. M., Tora L., Chambon P. Distinct TFIID complexes mediate the effect of different transcriptional activators. EMBO J. 1993 Feb;12(2):489–499. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05681.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Burk O., Mink S., Ringwald M., Klempnauer K. H. Synergistic activation of the chicken mim-1 gene by v-myb and C/EBP transcription factors. EMBO J. 1993 May;12(5):2027–2038. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05852.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Carey M., Lin Y. S., Green M. R., Ptashne M. A mechanism for synergistic activation of a mammalian gene by GAL4 derivatives. Nature. 1990 May 24;345(6273):361–364. doi: 10.1038/345361a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Chen J. L., Attardi L. D., Verrijzer C. P., Yokomori K., Tjian R. Assembly of recombinant TFIID reveals differential coactivator requirements for distinct transcriptional activators. Cell. 1994 Oct 7;79(1):93–105. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90403-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Cullen B. R. Use of eukaryotic expression technology in the functional analysis of cloned genes. Methods Enzymol. 1987;152:684–704. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)52074-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Dorsett D. L., Keshet I., Winocour E. Quantitation of a simian virus 40 nonhomologous recombination pathway. J Virol. 1983 Oct;48(1):218–228. doi: 10.1128/jvi.48.1.218-228.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Dubendorff J. W., Whittaker L. J., Eltman J. T., Lipsick J. S. Carboxy-terminal elements of c-Myb negatively regulate transcriptional activation in cis and in trans. Genes Dev. 1992 Dec;6(12B):2524–2535. doi: 10.1101/gad.6.12b.2524. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Dudek H., Tantravahi R. V., Rao V. N., Reddy E. S., Reddy E. P. Myb and Ets proteins cooperate in transcriptional activation of the mim-1 promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Feb 15;89(4):1291–1295. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.4.1291. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Erickson P., Gao J., Chang K. S., Look T., Whisenant E., Raimondi S., Lasher R., Trujillo J., Rowley J., Drabkin H. Identification of breakpoints in t(8;21) acute myelogenous leukemia and isolation of a fusion transcript, AML1/ETO, with similarity to Drosophila segmentation gene, runt. Blood. 1992 Oct 1;80(7):1825–1831. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Evans J. L., Moore T. L., Kuehl W. M., Bender T., Ting J. P. Functional analysis of c-Myb protein in T-lymphocytic cell lines shows that it trans-activates the c-myc promoter. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Nov;10(11):5747–5752. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.11.5747. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Felsenfeld G. Chromatin as an essential part of the transcriptional mechanism. Nature. 1992 Jan 16;355(6357):219–224. doi: 10.1038/355219a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Fowlkes B. J., Pardoll D. M. Molecular and cellular events of T cell development. Adv Immunol. 1989;44:207–264. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60643-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hallberg B., Schmidt J., Luz A., Pedersen F. S., Grundström T. SL3-3 enhancer factor 1 transcriptional activators are required for tumor formation by SL3-3 murine leukemia virus. J Virol. 1991 Aug;65(8):4177–4181. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.8.4177-4181.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Hernandez-Munain C., Krangel M. S. Regulation of the T-cell receptor delta enhancer by functional cooperation between c-Myb and core-binding factors. Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Jan;14(1):473–483. doi: 10.1128/mcb.14.1.473. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Hsiang Y. H., Spencer D., Wang S., Speck N. A., Raulet D. H. The role of viral enhancer "core" motif-related sequences in regulating T cell receptor-gamma and -delta gene expression. J Immunol. 1993 May 1;150(9):3905–3916. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Jacq X., Brou C., Lutz Y., Davidson I., Chambon P., Tora L. Human TAFII30 is present in a distinct TFIID complex and is required for transcriptional activation by the estrogen receptor. Cell. 1994 Oct 7;79(1):107–117. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90404-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Kamachi Y., Ogawa E., Asano M., Ishida S., Murakami Y., Satake M., Ito Y., Shigesada K. Purification of a mouse nuclear factor that binds to both the A and B cores of the polyomavirus enhancer. J Virol. 1990 Oct;64(10):4808–4819. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.10.4808-4819.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Kanei-Ishii C., MacMillan E. M., Nomura T., Sarai A., Ramsay R. G., Aimoto S., Ishii S., Gonda T. J. Transactivation and transformation by Myb are negatively regulated by a leucine-zipper structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Apr 1;89(7):3088–3092. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.7.3088. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Kanei-Ishii C., Yasukawa T., Morimoto R. I., Ishii S. c-Myb-induced trans-activation mediated by heat shock elements without sequence-specific DNA binding of c-Myb. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jun 3;269(22):15768–15775. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Kania M. A., Bonner A. S., Duffy J. B., Gergen J. P. The Drosophila segmentation gene runt encodes a novel nuclear regulatory protein that is also expressed in the developing nervous system. Genes Dev. 1990 Oct;4(10):1701–1713. doi: 10.1101/gad.4.10.1701. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Kenney S. C., Holley-Guthrie E., Quinlivan E. B., Gutsch D., Zhang Q., Bender T., Giot J. F., Sergeant A. The cellular oncogene c-myb can interact synergistically with the Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 transactivator in lymphoid cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Jan;12(1):136–146. doi: 10.1128/mcb.12.1.136. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Klempnauer K. H., Arnold H., Biedenkapp H. Activation of transcription by v-myb: evidence for two different mechanisms. Genes Dev. 1989 Oct;3(10):1582–1589. doi: 10.1101/gad.3.10.1582. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Klempnauer K. H., Gonda T. J., Bishop J. M. Nucleotide sequence of the retroviral leukemia gene v-myb and its cellular progenitor c-myb: the architecture of a transduced oncogene. Cell. 1982 Dec;31(2 Pt 1):453–463. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90138-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Klempnauer K. H., Ramsay G., Bishop J. M., Moscovici M. G., Moscovici C., McGrath J. P., Levinson A. D. The product of the retroviral transforming gene v-myb is a truncated version of the protein encoded by the cellular oncogene c-myb. Cell. 1983 Jun;33(2):345–355. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90416-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Lauzurica P., Krangel M. S. Enhancer-dependent and -independent steps in the rearrangement of a human T cell receptor delta transgene. J Exp Med. 1994 Jan 1;179(1):43–55. doi: 10.1084/jem.179.1.43. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Lauzurica P., Krangel M. S. Temporal and lineage-specific control of T cell receptor alpha/delta gene rearrangement by T cell receptor alpha and delta enhancers. J Exp Med. 1994 Jun 1;179(6):1913–1921. doi: 10.1084/jem.179.6.1913. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Leiden J. M., Thompson C. B. Transcriptional regulation of T-cell genes during T-cell development. Curr Opin Immunol. 1994 Apr;6(2):231–237. doi: 10.1016/0952-7915(94)90096-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Lin Y. S., Carey M., Ptashne M., Green M. R. How different eukaryotic transcriptional activators can cooperate promiscuously. Nature. 1990 May 24;345(6273):359–361. doi: 10.1038/345359a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Luthman H., Magnusson G. High efficiency polyoma DNA transfection of chloroquine treated cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Mar 11;11(5):1295–1308. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.5.1295. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Lüscher B., Eisenman R. N. New light on Myc and Myb. Part II. Myb. Genes Dev. 1990 Dec;4(12B):2235–2241. doi: 10.1101/gad.4.12b.2235. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Melnikova I. N., Crute B. E., Wang S., Speck N. A. Sequence specificity of the core-binding factor. J Virol. 1993 Apr;67(4):2408–2411. doi: 10.1128/jvi.67.4.2408-2411.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Melotti P., Ku D. H., Calabretta B. Regulation of the expression of the hematopoietic stem cell antigen CD34: role of c-myb. J Exp Med. 1994 Mar 1;179(3):1023–1028. doi: 10.1084/jem.179.3.1023. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Metz T., Graf T. Fusion of the nuclear oncoproteins v-Myb and v-Ets is required for the leukemogenicity of E26 virus. Cell. 1991 Jul 12;66(1):95–105. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90142-l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Metz T., Graf T. v-myb and v-ets transform chicken erythroid cells and cooperate both in trans and in cis to induce distinct differentiation phenotypes. Genes Dev. 1991 Mar;5(3):369–380. doi: 10.1101/gad.5.3.369. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Meyers S., Downing J. R., Hiebert S. W. Identification of AML-1 and the (8;21) translocation protein (AML-1/ETO) as sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins: the runt homology domain is required for DNA binding and protein-protein interactions. Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Oct;13(10):6336–6345. doi: 10.1128/mcb.13.10.6336. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Mitani K., Ogawa S., Tanaka T., Miyoshi H., Kurokawa M., Mano H., Yazaki Y., Ohki M., Hirai H. Generation of the AML1-EVI-1 fusion gene in the t(3;21)(q26;q22) causes blastic crisis in chronic myelocytic leukemia. EMBO J. 1994 Feb 1;13(3):504–510. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06288.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Miyoshi H., Shimizu K., Kozu T., Maseki N., Kaneko Y., Ohki M. t(8;21) breakpoints on chromosome 21 in acute myeloid leukemia are clustered within a limited region of a single gene, AML1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Dec 1;88(23):10431–10434. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.23.10431. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Mucenski M. L., McLain K., Kier A. B., Swerdlow S. H., Schreiner C. M., Miller T. A., Pietryga D. W., Scott W. J., Jr, Potter S. S. A functional c-myb gene is required for normal murine fetal hepatic hematopoiesis. Cell. 1991 May 17;65(4):677–689. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90099-k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Ness S. A., Kowenz-Leutz E., Casini T., Graf T., Leutz A. Myb and NF-M: combinatorial activators of myeloid genes in heterologous cell types. Genes Dev. 1993 May;7(5):749–759. doi: 10.1101/gad.7.5.749. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Ness S. A., Marknell A., Graf T. The v-myb oncogene product binds to and activates the promyelocyte-specific mim-1 gene. Cell. 1989 Dec 22;59(6):1115–1125. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90767-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Nomura N., Takahashi M., Matsui M., Ishii S., Date T., Sasamoto S., Ishizaki R. Isolation of human cDNA clones of myb-related genes, A-myb and B-myb. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Dec 9;16(23):11075–11089. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.23.11075. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Nuchprayoon I., Meyers S., Scott L. M., Suzow J., Hiebert S., Friedman A. D. PEBP2/CBF, the murine homolog of the human myeloid AML1 and PEBP2 beta/CBF beta proto-oncoproteins, regulates the murine myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase genes in immature myeloid cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Aug;14(8):5558–5568. doi: 10.1128/mcb.14.8.5558. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Nucifora G., Begy C. R., Erickson P., Drabkin H. A., Rowley J. D. The 3;21 translocation in myelodysplasia results in a fusion transcript between the AML1 gene and the gene for EAP, a highly conserved protein associated with the Epstein-Barr virus small RNA EBER 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Aug 15;90(16):7784–7788. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.16.7784. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Ogawa E., Inuzuka M., Maruyama M., Satake M., Naito-Fujimoto M., Ito Y., Shigesada K. Molecular cloning and characterization of PEBP2 beta, the heterodimeric partner of a novel Drosophila runt-related DNA binding protein PEBP2 alpha. Virology. 1993 May;194(1):314–331. doi: 10.1006/viro.1993.1262. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Ogawa E., Maruyama M., Kagoshima H., Inuzuka M., Lu J., Satake M., Shigesada K., Ito Y. PEBP2/PEA2 represents a family of transcription factors homologous to the products of the Drosophila runt gene and the human AML1 gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jul 15;90(14):6859–6863. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.14.6859. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Prosser H. M., Wotton D., Gegonne A., Ghysdael J., Wang S., Speck N. A., Owen M. J. A phorbol ester response element within the human T-cell receptor beta-chain enhancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Oct 15;89(20):9934–9938. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.20.9934. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Ptashne M. How eukaryotic transcriptional activators work. Nature. 1988 Oct 20;335(6192):683–689. doi: 10.1038/335683a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Raulet D. H., Spencer D. M., Hsiang Y. H., Goldman J. P., Bix M., Liao N. S., Zijstra M., Jaenisch R., Correa I. Control of gamma delta T-cell development. Immunol Rev. 1991 Apr;120:185–204. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1991.tb00592.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Reddy M. A., Yang B. S., Yue X., Barnett C. J., Ross I. L., Sweet M. J., Hume D. A., Ostrowski M. C. Opposing actions of c-ets/PU.1 and c-myb protooncogene products in regulating the macrophage-specific promoters of the human and mouse colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (c-fms) genes. J Exp Med. 1994 Dec 1;180(6):2309–2319. doi: 10.1084/jem.180.6.2309. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Redondo J. M., Hata S., Brocklehurst C., Krangel M. S. A T cell-specific transcriptional enhancer within the human T cell receptor delta locus. Science. 1990 Mar 9;247(4947):1225–1229. doi: 10.1126/science.2156339. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Redondo J. M., Pfohl J. L., Hernandez-Munain C., Wang S., Speck N. A., Krangel M. S. Indistinguishable nuclear factor binding to functional core sites of the T-cell receptor delta and murine leukemia virus enhancers. Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Nov;12(11):4817–4823. doi: 10.1128/mcb.12.11.4817. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Redondo J. M., Pfohl J. L., Krangel M. S. Identification of an essential site for transcriptional activation within the human T-cell receptor delta enhancer. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Nov;11(11):5671–5680. doi: 10.1128/mcb.11.11.5671. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Rosson D., Reddy E. P. Nucleotide sequence of chicken c-myb complementary DNA and implications for myb oncogene activation. Nature. 1986 Feb 13;319(6054):604–606. doi: 10.1038/319604a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Sakura H., Kanei-Ishii C., Nagase T., Nakagoshi H., Gonda T. J., Ishii S. Delineation of three functional domains of the transcriptional activator encoded by the c-myb protooncogene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Aug;86(15):5758–5762. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.15.5758. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Shen-Ong G. L. The myb oncogene. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990 Jun 1;1032(1):39–52. doi: 10.1016/0304-419x(90)90011-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Siu G., Wurster A. L., Lipsick J. S., Hedrick S. M. Expression of the CD4 gene requires a Myb transcription factor. Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Apr;12(4):1592–1604. doi: 10.1128/mcb.12.4.1592. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Speck N. A., Renjifo B., Golemis E., Fredrickson T. N., Hartley J. W., Hopkins N. Mutation of the core or adjacent LVb elements of the Moloney murine leukemia virus enhancer alters disease specificity. Genes Dev. 1990 Feb;4(2):233–242. doi: 10.1101/gad.4.2.233. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Strominger J. L. Developmental biology of T cell receptors. Science. 1989 May 26;244(4907):943–950. doi: 10.1126/science.2658058. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Suzow J., Friedman A. D. The murine myeloperoxidase promoter contains several functional elements, one of which binds a cell type-restricted transcription factor, myeloid nuclear factor 1 (MyNF1). Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Apr;13(4):2141–2151. doi: 10.1128/mcb.13.4.2141. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Tanese N., Tjian R. Coactivators and TAFs: a new class of eukaryotic transcription factors that connect activators to the basal machinery. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1993;58:179–185. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1993.058.01.022. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Tice-Baldwin K., Fink G. R., Arndt K. T. BAS1 has a Myb motif and activates HIS4 transcription only in combination with BAS2. Science. 1989 Nov 17;246(4932):931–935. doi: 10.1126/science.2683089. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Wang S. W., Speck N. A. Purification of core-binding factor, a protein that binds the conserved core site in murine leukemia virus enhancers. Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Jan;12(1):89–102. doi: 10.1128/mcb.12.1.89. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Wang S., Wang Q., Crute B. E., Melnikova I. N., Keller S. R., Speck N. A. Cloning and characterization of subunits of the T-cell receptor and murine leukemia virus enhancer core-binding factor. Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Jun;13(6):3324–3339. doi: 10.1128/mcb.13.6.3324. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Weston K., Bishop J. M. Transcriptional activation by the v-myb oncogene and its cellular progenitor, c-myb. Cell. 1989 Jul 14;58(1):85–93. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90405-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Wotton D., Ghysdael J., Wang S., Speck N. A., Owen M. J. Cooperative binding of Ets-1 and core binding factor to DNA. Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Jan;14(1):840–850. doi: 10.1128/mcb.14.1.840. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES