Abstract
Sporulating cells of Bacillus licheniformis excrete three seryl proteases that are of similar size, 28,000 daltons, but of different charge at pH 6. The peptide antibiotic bactracin is released from the cells at the same time and exists, in part, as a bacitracin-protease complex that is stable throughout chromatographic procedures employed in enzyme purification. However, preextraction of crude protease with CHCl3 and subsequent gel filtration effect separation of the antibiotic and the enzyme. Three purified, bacitracin-free proteases, designated CMC I, CMC II, and CMC III and whose ratios of total activity are 1:3.7:10.3, respectively, are obtained by chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose. The major component, CMC III, is inhibited by commercial bacitracin at near-physiological concentrations of the antibiotic.
Full text
PDF





Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Anker H. S., Johnson B. A., Goldberg J., Meleney F. L. Bacitracin: Methods of Production, Concentration, and Partial Purification, with a Summary of the Chemical Properties of Crude Bacitracin. J Bacteriol. 1948 Feb;55(2):249–255. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BERNLOHR R. W. POSTLOGARITHMIC PHASE METABOLISM OF SPORULATING MICROORGANISMS. I. PROTEASE OF BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS. J Biol Chem. 1964 Feb;239:538–543. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bauer A. W., Kirby W. M., Sherris J. C., Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol. 1966 Apr;45(4):493–496. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bernlohr R. W., Clark V. Characterization and regulation of protease synthesis and activity in Bacillus licheniformis. J Bacteriol. 1971 Jan;105(1):276–283. doi: 10.1128/jb.105.1.276-283.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brand J. G., Toribara T. Y. Equilibrium dialysis and circular dichroic analysis of the novobiocin-human serum albumin complex. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1975 Mar;167(1):91–98. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90444-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cornell N. W., Guiney D. G., Jr Binding sites for zinc (II) in bacitracin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1970 Aug 11;40(3):530–536. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(70)90934-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Craig L. C., Phillips W. F., Burachik M. Bacitracin A. Isolation by counter double-current distribution and characterization. Biochemistry. 1969 Jun;8(6):2348–2356. doi: 10.1021/bi00834a015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DAMODARAN M., GOVINDARAJAN V. S., SUBRAMANIAN S. S. The proteolytic system of Bacillus licheniformis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1955 May;17(1):99–110. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(55)90324-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hall F. F., Kunkel H. O., Prescott J. M. Multiple proteolytic enzymes of Bacillus licheniformis. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1966 Apr;114(1):145–153. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(66)90315-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leighton T. J., Dor R. H., Warren R. A., Kelln R. A. The relationship of serine protease activity to RNA polymerase modification and sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. J Mol Biol. 1973 May 5;76(1):103–122. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90083-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MacDonald R. I., MacDonald R. C., Cornell N. W. Perturbation of liposomal and planar lipid bilayer membranes by bacitracin-cation complex. Biochemistry. 1974 Sep 10;13(19):4018–4024. doi: 10.1021/bi00716a031. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mäkinen K. K. Inhibition by bacitracin of some hydrolytic enzymes. Int J Protein Res. 1972;4(1):21–28. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1972.tb03394.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schaeffer P. Sporulation and the production of antibiotics, exoenzymes, and exotonins. Bacteriol Rev. 1969 Mar;33(1):48–71. doi: 10.1128/br.33.1.48-71.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stone K. J., Strominger J. L. Mechanism of action of bacitracin: complexation with metal ion and C 55 -isoprenyl pyrophosphate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Dec;68(12):3223–3227. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.12.3223. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Storm D. R., Strominger J. L. Complex formation between bacitracin peptides and isoprenyl pyrophosphates. The specificity of lipid-peptide interactions. J Biol Chem. 1973 Jun 10;248(11):3940–3945. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Studier F. W. Analysis of bacteriophage T7 early RNAs and proteins on slab gels. J Mol Biol. 1973 Sep 15;79(2):237–248. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90003-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weber K., Osborn M. The reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J Biol Chem. 1969 Aug 25;244(16):4406–4412. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
