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. 1999 May 1;80(3-4):621–624. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690401

Human papillomavirus infection and other risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Japan

H Yoshikawa 1, C Nagata 2, K Noda 3, S Nozawa 4, A Yajima 5, S Sekiya 6, H Sugimori 7, Y Hirai 8, K Kanazawa 9, M Sugase 10, H Shimizu 2, T Kawana 11
PMCID: PMC2362329  PMID: 10408876

Abstract

Various risk factors were investigated in 167 cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) case and control pairs in Japan. CIN cases showed evidence of nine known risk factors including smoking and sexual behaviour. However, after adjustment for papillomavirus infection, the highest determinant, the only remaining risk factors were: being married, early age at first pregnancy and multiparity. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaign

Keywords: cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia, human papillomavirus, case-control study, risk factors

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Selected References

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