Skip to main content
British Journal of Cancer logoLink to British Journal of Cancer
. 2001 Nov;85(11):1634–1639. doi: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.2162

Prognostic value of performance status assessed by patients themselves, nurses, and oncologists in advanced non-small cell lung cancer

M Ando 1, Y Ando 2, Y Hasegawa 2, K Shimokata 3, H Minami 4, K Wakai 1, Y Ohno 1, S Sakai 5
PMCID: PMC2363970  PMID: 11742480

Abstract

Accuracy in the assessment of performance status by oncologists has not been well evaluated. We investigated possible discrepancies in the assessment of performance status among patients, nurses, and oncologists, and evaluated the prognostic importance of each assessment. Two hundred and six inpatients with inoperable, advanced non-small cell lung cancer were investigated prospectively. Weighted Kappa statistics for inter-observer agreement were 0.53 between oncologists and patients and 0.63 between oncologists and nurses. There was a significant difference among the assessments by the three groups (P < 0.001). Oncologists gave the healthiest performance status assessment, nurses an intermediate assessment, and patients the poorest. When included separately in the Cox model, the assessment by each group was significantly correlated with survival. However, the assessment by the patients themselves failed to distinguish survival of patients with performance status 1 and 2. Among the three models including patient-, nurse-, and oncologist-assessed PS, that including oncologist-assessed PS best fitted to the observed survival data. These results showed that the assessment by the patients themselves is different from those by the nurses and the oncologists and provided additional support for the use of the assessment by oncologists in clinical oncology. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.com

Keywords: performance status, oncologist, patient, inter-observer variability, prognostic value

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (64.0 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aisner J., Cirrincione C., Perloff M., Perry M., Budman D., Abrams J., Panasci L., Muss H., Citron M., Holland J. Combination chemotherapy for metastatic or recurrent carcinoma of the breast--a randomized phase III trial comparing CAF versus VATH versus VATH alternating with CMFVP: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 8281. J Clin Oncol. 1995 Jun;13(6):1443–1452. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.6.1443. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bonomi P., Gale M., Rowland K., Taylor S. G., 4th, Purl S., Reddy S., Lee M. S., Phillips A., Kittle C. F., Warren W. Pre-treatment prognostic factors in stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving combined modality treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1991 Feb;20(2):247–252. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(91)90099-p. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brazier J. E., Harper R., Jones N. M., O'Cathain A., Thomas K. J., Usherwood T., Westlake L. Validating the SF-36 health survey questionnaire: new outcome measure for primary care. BMJ. 1992 Jul 18;305(6846):160–164. doi: 10.1136/bmj.305.6846.160. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Coates A., Gebski V., Signorini D., Murray P., McNeil D., Byrne M., Forbes J. F. Prognostic value of quality-of-life scores during chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. Australian New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group. J Clin Oncol. 1992 Dec;10(12):1833–1838. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1992.10.12.1833. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Conill C., Verger E., Salamero M. Performance status assessment in cancer patients. Cancer. 1990 Apr 15;65(8):1864–1866. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19900415)65:8<1864::aid-cncr2820650832>3.0.co;2-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hjermstad M. J., Fayers P. M., Bjordal K., Kaasa S. Health-related quality of life in the general Norwegian population assessed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality-of-Life Questionnaire: the QLQ=C30 (+ 3). J Clin Oncol. 1998 Mar;16(3):1188–1196. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.3.1188. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hutchinson T. A., Boyd N. F., Feinstein A. R., Gonda A., Hollomby D., Rowat B. Scientific problems in clinical scales, as demonstrated in the Karnofsky index of performance status. J Chronic Dis. 1979;32(9-10):661–666. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(79)90096-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Ihde D. C. Chemotherapy of lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 1992 Nov 12;327(20):1434–1441. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199211123272006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Jenkinson C., Coulter A., Wright L. Short form 36 (SF36) health survey questionnaire: normative data for adults of working age. BMJ. 1993 May 29;306(6890):1437–1440. doi: 10.1136/bmj.306.6890.1437. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Loprinzi C. L., Laurie J. A., Wieand H. S., Krook J. E., Novotny P. J., Kugler J. W., Bartel J., Law M., Bateman M., Klatt N. E. Prospective evaluation of prognostic variables from patient-completed questionnaires. North Central Cancer Treatment Group. J Clin Oncol. 1994 Mar;12(3):601–607. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1994.12.3.601. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Lund B., Williamson P., van Houwelingen H. C., Neijt J. P. Comparison of the predictive power of different prognostic indices for overall survival in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1990 Aug 1;50(15):4626–4629. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Mountain C. F. Revisions in the International System for Staging Lung Cancer. Chest. 1997 Jun;111(6):1710–1717. doi: 10.1378/chest.111.6.1710. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Oken M. M., Creech R. H., Tormey D. C., Horton J., Davis T. E., McFadden E. T., Carbone P. P. Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol. 1982 Dec;5(6):649–655. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Osborne M. L., Vollmer W. M., Linton K. L., Buist A. S. Characteristics of patients with asthma within a large HMO: a comparison by age and gender. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Jan;157(1):123–128. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.157.1.9612063. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Osoba D. Lessons learned from measuring health-related quality of life in oncology. J Clin Oncol. 1994 Mar;12(3):608–616. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1994.12.3.608. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Osterlind K., Andersen P. K. Prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer: multivariate model based on 778 patients treated with chemotherapy with or without irradiation. Cancer Res. 1986 Aug;46(8):4189–4194. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Paesmans M., Sculier J. P., Libert P., Bureau G., Dabouis G., Thiriaux J., Michel J., Van Cutsem O., Sergysels R., Mommen P. Prognostic factors for survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: univariate and multivariate analyses including recursive partitioning and amalgamation algorithms in 1,052 patients. The European Lung Cancer Working Party. J Clin Oncol. 1995 May;13(5):1221–1230. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.5.1221. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Presant C. A. Quality of life in cancer patients. Who measures what? Am J Clin Oncol. 1984 Oct;7(5):571–573. doi: 10.1097/00000421-198410000-00036. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Roila F., Lupattelli M., Sassi M., Basurto C., Bracarda S., Picciafuoco M., Boschetti E., Milella G., Ballatori E., Tonato M. Intra and interobserver variability in cancer patients' performance status assessed according to Karnofsky and ECOG scales. Ann Oncol. 1991 Jun;2(6):437–439. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a057981. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Ruckdeschel J. C., Finkelstein D. M., Ettinger D. S., Creech R. H., Mason B. A., Joss R. A., Vogl S. A randomized trial of the four most active regimens for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1986 Jan;4(1):14–22. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1986.4.1.14. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Schag C. C., Heinrich R. L., Ganz P. A. Karnofsky performance status revisited: reliability, validity, and guidelines. J Clin Oncol. 1984 Mar;2(3):187–193. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1984.2.3.187. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Slevin M. L., Plant H., Lynch D., Drinkwater J., Gregory W. M. Who should measure quality of life, the doctor or the patient? Br J Cancer. 1988 Jan;57(1):109–112. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1988.20. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Sneeuw K. C., Aaronson N. K., Sprangers M. A., Detmar S. B., Wever L. D., Schornagel J. H. Evaluating the quality of life of cancer patients: assessments by patients, significant others, physicians and nurses. Br J Cancer. 1999 Sep;81(1):87–94. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690655. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Sørensen J. B., Klee M., Palshof T., Hansen H. H. Performance status assessment in cancer patients. An inter-observer variability study. Br J Cancer. 1993 Apr;67(4):773–775. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1993.140. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Taylor A. E., Olver I. N., Sivanthan T., Chi M., Purnell C. Observer error in grading performance status in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 1999 Sep;7(5):332–335. doi: 10.1007/s005200050271. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Yates J. W., Chalmer B., McKegney F. P. Evaluation of patients with advanced cancer using the Karnofsky performance status. Cancer. 1980 Apr 15;45(8):2220–2224. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19800415)45:8<2220::aid-cncr2820450835>3.0.co;2-q. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Journal of Cancer are provided here courtesy of Cancer Research UK

RESOURCES