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British Journal of Cancer logoLink to British Journal of Cancer
letter
. 2001 Aug;85(3):341–345. doi: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1898

Oesophageal cancer in women: tobacco, alcohol, nutritional and hormonal factors

S Gallus 1, C Bosetti 1, S Franceschi 2,3, F Levi 4, L Simonato 5, E Negri 1, C La Vecchia 1,6
PMCID: PMC2364066  PMID: 11487262

Abstract

We analysed 3 case–control studies from Italy and Switzerland including 114 women with squamous cell oesophageal cancer and 425 controls. The multivariate odds ratio was 4.5 for heavy smoking and 5.4 for heavy alcohol drinking. Fruit intake, vegetable intake, oral contraceptive and HRT use were inversely related to oesophageal cancer. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.com

Keywords: oesophageal cancer, female, alcohol drinking, smoking, diet, case–control studies

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