Abstract
Esculentoside A (EsA) is a saponin isolated from the roots of Phytolacca esculenta. Previous experiments showed that it had strong anti-inflammatory effects. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is an important inflammatory mediator. In order to study the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of EsA, it was determined whether TNF production from macrophages was altered by EsA under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated conditions. EsA was found to decrease both extracellular and cell associated TNF production in a dose dependent manner at concentrations higher than 1 μmol/l EsA. Previous studies have showed that EsA reduced the releasing of platelet activating factor (PAF) from rat macrophages. The reducing effects of EsA on the release of TNF and PAF may explain its anti-inflammatory effect.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (231.1 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bertolini D. R., Nedwin G. E., Bringman T. S., Smith D. D., Mundy G. R. Stimulation of bone resorption and inhibition of bone formation in vitro by human tumour necrosis factors. Nature. 1986 Feb 6;319(6053):516–518. doi: 10.1038/319516a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Braquet P., Paubert-Braquet M., Bourgain R. H., Bussolino F., Hosford D. PAF/cytokine auto-generated feedback networks in microvascular immune injury: consequences in shock, ischemia and graft rejection. J Lipid Mediat. 1989 Mar-Apr;1(2):75–112. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dayer J. M., Beutler B., Cerami A. Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor stimulates collagenase and prostaglandin E2 production by human synovial cells and dermal fibroblasts. J Exp Med. 1985 Dec 1;162(6):2163–2168. doi: 10.1084/jem.162.6.2163. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fang J., Zheng Q. Y. [Inhibitory effect of esculentoside A on platelet activating factor released from calcimycin induced rat peritoneal macrophages]. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 1991;26(10):721–724. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kunkel S. L., Spengler M., May M. A., Spengler R., Larrick J., Remick D. Prostaglandin E2 regulates macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor gene expression. J Biol Chem. 1988 Apr 15;263(11):5380–5384. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maestre C., Zarco P., Gómez-Guerrero C., González E., Herrero-Beaumont G., Braquet M., Egido J. Cooperation between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the inflammatory response. J Lipid Mediat. 1990;2 (Suppl):S151–S159. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]