Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Mediators of Inflammation logoLink to Mediators of Inflammation
. 1993;2(5):367–371. doi: 10.1155/S0962935193000511

TNF and PGE2 in human monocyte-derived macrophages infected with Chlamydia trachomatis

E Manor 1,✉, E Schmitz 2, I Sarov 1
PMCID: PMC2365425  PMID: 18475547

Abstract

In this study levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) alpha in medium from monocyte derived macrophages (MdM) infected with Chlamydia trachomatis (L2/434/Bu or K biovars). TNF and PGE2 were found in both cases while IL-1 alpha was not detected. Both TNF and PGE2 levels were higher in the medium of the MdM infected with K biovars. TNF reached maximum levels 24 h postinfection, and then declined, while PGE2 levels increased continuously during the infection time up to 96 h post-infection. Addition of dexamethasone inhibited production of TNF and PGE2. Inhibition of PGE2 production by indomethacin resulted in increased production of TNF, while addition of PGE2 caused partial inhibition of TNF production from infected MdM.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (466.9 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bate C. A., Taverne J., Playfair J. H. Malarial parasites induce TNF production by macrophages. Immunology. 1988 Jun;64(2):227–231. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bernheim H. A. Is prostaglandin E2 involved in the pathogenesis of fever? Effects of interleukin-1 on the release of prostaglandins. Yale J Biol Med. 1986 Mar-Apr;59(2):151–158. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Beutler B., Cerami A. Cachectin (tumor necrosis factor): a macrophage hormone governing cellular metabolism and inflammatory response. Endocr Rev. 1988 Feb;9(1):57–66. doi: 10.1210/edrv-9-1-57. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Beutler B., Krochin N., Milsark I. W., Luedke C., Cerami A. Control of cachectin (tumor necrosis factor) synthesis: mechanisms of endotoxin resistance. Science. 1986 May 23;232(4753):977–980. doi: 10.1126/science.3754653. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bushell A. C., Hobson D. Effect of cortisol on the growth of Chlamydia trachomatis in McCoy cells. Infect Immun. 1978 Sep;21(3):946–953. doi: 10.1128/iai.21.3.946-953.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chouaib S., Bertoglio J. H. Prostaglandins E as modulators of the immune response. Lymphokine Res. 1988 Fall;7(3):237–245. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Clark I. A., Hunt N. H. Increased production of arachidonate metabolites by peritoneal cells of mice infected with Plasmodium vinckei vinckei. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1986 Oct;64(Pt 5):415–418. doi: 10.1038/icb.1986.44. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Danon A., Assouline G. Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by corticosteroids requires RNA and protein synthesis. Nature. 1978 Jun 15;273(5663):552–554. doi: 10.1038/273552a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Danon A., Leibson V., Assouline G. Effects of aspirin, indomethacin, flufenamic acid and paracetamol on prostaglandin output from rat stomach and renal papilla in-vitro and ex-vivo. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1983 Sep;35(9):576–579. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1983.tb04336.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Dayer J. M., Beutler B., Cerami A. Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor stimulates collagenase and prostaglandin E2 production by human synovial cells and dermal fibroblasts. J Exp Med. 1985 Dec 1;162(6):2163–2168. doi: 10.1084/jem.162.6.2163. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Dinarello C. A. Interleukin-1 and its biologically related cytokines. Adv Immunol. 1989;44:153–205. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60642-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Izumi S., Hirai O., Hayashi K., Konishi Y., Okuhara M., Kohsaka M., Aoki H., Yamamura Y. Induction of a tumor necrosis factor-like activity by Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton. Cancer Res. 1987 Apr 1;47(7):1785–1792. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Jupin C., Anderson S., Damais C., Alouf J. E., Parant M. Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 as an inducer of human tumor necrosis factors and gamma interferon. J Exp Med. 1988 Mar 1;167(3):752–761. doi: 10.1084/jem.167.3.752. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kunkel S. L., Spengler M., May M. A., Spengler R., Larrick J., Remick D. Prostaglandin E2 regulates macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor gene expression. J Biol Chem. 1988 Apr 15;263(11):5380–5384. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Ladany S., Sarov I. Recent advances in Chlamydia trachomatis. Eur J Epidemiol. 1985 Dec;1(4):235–256. doi: 10.1007/BF00237099. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Laegreid W. W., Liggitt H. D., Silflow R. M., Evermann J. R., Taylor S. M., Leid R. W. Reversal of virus-induced alveolar macrophage bactericidal dysfunction by cyclooxygenase inhibition in vitro. J Leukoc Biol. 1989 Apr;45(4):293–300. doi: 10.1002/jlb.45.4.293. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Laegreid W. W., Taylor S. M., Leid R. W., Silflow R. M., Evermann J. R., Breeze R. G., Liggitt H. D. Virus-induced enhancement of arachidonate metabolism by bovine alveolar macrophages in vitro. J Leukoc Biol. 1989 Apr;45(4):283–292. doi: 10.1002/jlb.45.4.283. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Lehmmann V., Benninghoff B., Dröge W. Tumor necrosis factor-induced activation of peritoneal macrophages is regulated by prostaglandin E2 and cAMP. J Immunol. 1988 Jul 15;141(2):587–591. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Leist T. P., Frei K., Kam-Hansen S., Zinkernagel R. M., Fontana A. Tumor necrosis factor alpha in cerebrospinal fluid during bacterial, but not viral, meningitis. Evaluation in murine model infections and in patients. J Exp Med. 1988 May 1;167(5):1743–1748. doi: 10.1084/jem.167.5.1743. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Manor E., Sarov I. Fate of Chlamydia trachomatis in human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. Infect Immun. 1986 Oct;54(1):90–95. doi: 10.1128/iai.54.1.90-95.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Mølvig J., Baek L., Christensen P., Manogue K. R., Vlassara H., Platz P., Nielsen L. S., Svejgaard A., Nerup J. Endotoxin-stimulated human monocyte secretion of interleukin 1, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and prostaglandin E2 shows stable interindividual differences. Scand J Immunol. 1988 Jun;27(6):705–716. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02404.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Nathan C. F. Secretory products of macrophages. J Clin Invest. 1987 Feb;79(2):319–326. doi: 10.1172/JCI112815. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Nichols F. C., Garrison S. W., Davis H. W. Prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 release from human monocytes treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J Leukoc Biol. 1988 Nov;44(5):376–384. doi: 10.1002/jlb.44.5.376. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Rothermel C. D., Schachter J., Lavrich P., Lipsitz E. C., Francus T. Chlamydia trachomatis-induced production of interleukin-1 by human monocytes. Infect Immun. 1989 Sep;57(9):2705–2711. doi: 10.1128/iai.57.9.2705-2711.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Roux-Lombard P., Modoux C., Cruchaud A., Dayer J. M. Purified blood monocytes from HIV 1-infected patients produce high levels of TNF alpha and IL-1. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1989 Mar;50(3):374–384. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(89)90144-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Shemer-Avni Y., Wallach D., Sarov I. Inhibition of Chlamydia trachomatis growth by recombinant tumor necrosis factor. Infect Immun. 1988 Sep;56(9):2503–2506. doi: 10.1128/iai.56.9.2503-2506.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Tanaka J., Ogura T., Kamiya S., Sato H., Yoshie T., Ogura H., Hatano M. Enhanced replication of human cytomegalovirus in human fibroblasts treated with dexamethasone. J Gen Virol. 1984 Oct;65(Pt 10):1759–1767. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-65-10-1759. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Williams D. M., Bonewald L. F., Roodman G. D., Byrne G. I., Magee D. M., Schachter J. Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a cytotoxin induced by murine Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Infect Immun. 1989 May;57(5):1351–1355. doi: 10.1128/iai.57.5.1351-1355.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Woodman D. R., Schultz W. W., Woodman K. L., Weiss E. Growth of Rickettsia typhi in irradiated L cells enhanced by lysosomal stabilization. Infect Immun. 1979 Jan;23(1):61–67. doi: 10.1128/iai.23.1.61-67.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Yang Y. S., Kuo C. C., Chen W. J. Reactivation of Chlamydia trachomatis lung infection in mice by cortisone. Infect Immun. 1983 Feb;39(2):655–658. doi: 10.1128/iai.39.2.655-658.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Mediators of Inflammation are provided here courtesy of Wiley

RESOURCES