Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1994 Nov;68(11):7586–7590. doi: 10.1128/jvi.68.11.7586-7590.1994

Analysis of the contributions of herpes simplex virus type 1 membrane proteins to the induction of cell-cell fusion.

N Davis-Poynter 1, S Bell 1, T Minson 1, H Browne 1
PMCID: PMC237207  PMID: 7933147

Abstract

The contributions of a set of herpes simplex virus type 1 membrane proteins towards the process of cell-cell fusion were examined with a series of deletion mutants into which a syncytial mutation had been introduced at codon 855 of the glycoprotein B (gB) gene. Analysis of the fusion phenotypes of these recombinant viruses in Vero cells revealed that while gC, gG, US5, and UL43 are dispensable for syncytium formation at both high and low multiplicities of infection, gD, gHgL, gE, gI, and gM were all required for the fusion of cellular membranes. These data confirm that the requirements for virion entry and cell-cell fusion are not identical. gD and gHgL, like gB, are essential for both processes. gG, gI, and gM, on the other hand, are dispensable for virus penetration, yet play a role in cell-to-cell spread by the direct contact route, at least on an SC16 gBANG background.

Full text

PDF
7586

Images in this article

7587Image
on p.7587
7588Image
on p.7588

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Addison C., Rixon F. J., Palfreyman J. W., O'Hara M., Preston V. G. Characterisation of a herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant which has a temperature-sensitive defect in penetration of cells and assembly of capsids. Virology. 1984 Oct 30;138(2):246–259. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90349-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Balan P., Davis-Poynter N., Bell S., Atkinson H., Browne H., Minson T. An analysis of the in vitro and in vivo phenotypes of mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 lacking glycoproteins gG, gE, gI or the putative gJ. J Gen Virol. 1994 Jun;75(Pt 6):1245–1258. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-75-6-1245. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bell S., Cranage M., Borysiewicz L., Minson T. Induction of immunoglobulin G Fc receptors by recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing glycoproteins E and I of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Virol. 1990 May;64(5):2181–2186. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.5.2181-2186.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cai W. H., Gu B., Person S. Role of glycoprotein B of herpes simplex virus type 1 in viral entry and cell fusion. J Virol. 1988 Aug;62(8):2596–2604. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.8.2596-2604.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cai W. Z., Person S., Warner S. C., Zhou J. H., DeLuca N. A. Linker-insertion nonsense and restriction-site deletion mutations of the gB glycoprotein gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Virol. 1987 Mar;61(3):714–721. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.3.714-721.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chatterjee S., Koga J., Whitley R. J. A role for herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein E in induction of cell fusion. J Gen Virol. 1989 Aug;70(Pt 8):2157–2162. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-70-8-2157. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Chen C., Okayama H. High-efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmid DNA. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Aug;7(8):2745–2752. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.8.2745. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dingwell K. S., Brunetti C. R., Hendricks R. L., Tang Q., Tang M., Rainbow A. J., Johnson D. C. Herpes simplex virus glycoproteins E and I facilitate cell-to-cell spread in vivo and across junctions of cultured cells. J Virol. 1994 Feb;68(2):834–845. doi: 10.1128/jvi.68.2.834-845.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Forrester A., Farrell H., Wilkinson G., Kaye J., Davis-Poynter N., Minson T. Construction and properties of a mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 with glycoprotein H coding sequences deleted. J Virol. 1992 Jan;66(1):341–348. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.1.341-348.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gompels U., Minson A. The properties and sequence of glycoprotein H of herpes simplex virus type 1. Virology. 1986 Sep;153(2):230–247. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90026-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Herold B. C., WuDunn D., Soltys N., Spear P. G. Glycoprotein C of herpes simplex virus type 1 plays a principal role in the adsorption of virus to cells and in infectivity. J Virol. 1991 Mar;65(3):1090–1098. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.3.1090-1098.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hu X. L., Ray R., Compans R. W. Functional interactions between the fusion protein and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of human parainfluenza viruses. J Virol. 1992 Mar;66(3):1528–1534. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.3.1528-1534.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Johnson D. C., Frame M. C., Ligas M. W., Cross A. M., Stow N. D. Herpes simplex virus immunoglobulin G Fc receptor activity depends on a complex of two viral glycoproteins, gE and gI. J Virol. 1988 Apr;62(4):1347–1354. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.4.1347-1354.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ligas M. W., Johnson D. C. A herpes simplex virus mutant in which glycoprotein D sequences are replaced by beta-galactosidase sequences binds to but is unable to penetrate into cells. J Virol. 1988 May;62(5):1486–1494. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.5.1486-1494.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. MacLean C. A., Efstathiou S., Elliott M. L., Jamieson F. E., McGeoch D. J. Investigation of herpes simplex virus type 1 genes encoding multiply inserted membrane proteins. J Gen Virol. 1991 Apr;72(Pt 4):897–906. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-72-4-897. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. MacLean C. A., Robertson L. M., Jamieson F. E. Characterization of the UL10 gene product of herpes simplex virus type 1 and investigation of its role in vivo. J Gen Virol. 1993 Jun;74(Pt 6):975–983. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-74-6-975. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Minson A. C., Hodgman T. C., Digard P., Hancock D. C., Bell S. E., Buckmaster E. A. An analysis of the biological properties of monoclonal antibodies against glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus and identification of amino acid substitutions that confer resistance to neutralization. J Gen Virol. 1986 Jun;67(Pt 6):1001–1013. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-67-6-1001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Neidhardt H., Schröder C. H., Kaerner H. C. Herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein E is not indispensable for viral infectivity. J Virol. 1987 Feb;61(2):600–603. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.2.600-603.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Peeters B., de Wind N., Hooisma M., Wagenaar F., Gielkens A., Moormann R. Pseudorabies virus envelope glycoproteins gp50 and gII are essential for virus penetration, but only gII is involved in membrane fusion. J Virol. 1992 Feb;66(2):894–905. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.2.894-905.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Sakai Y., Shibuta H. Syncytium formation by recombinant vaccinia viruses carrying bovine parainfluenza 3 virus envelope protein genes. J Virol. 1989 Sep;63(9):3661–3668. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.9.3661-3668.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Schranz P., Neidhardt H., Schröder C. H., Kaerner H. C. A viable HSV-1 mutant deleted in two nonessential major glycoproteins. Virology. 1989 May;170(1):273–276. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90377-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Shieh M. T., Spear P. G. Herpesvirus-induced cell fusion that is dependent on cell surface heparan sulfate or soluble heparin. J Virol. 1994 Feb;68(2):1224–1228. doi: 10.1128/jvi.68.2.1224-1228.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Weise K., Kaerner H. C., Glorioso J., Schröder C. H. Replacement of glycoprotein B gene sequences in herpes simplex virus type 1 strain ANG by corresponding sequences of the strain KOS causes changes of plaque morphology and neuropathogenicity. J Gen Virol. 1987 Jul;68(Pt 7):1909–1919. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-68-7-1909. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Wilson D. W., Davis-Poynter N., Minson A. C. Mutations in the cytoplasmic tail of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein H suppress cell fusion by a syncytial strain. J Virol. 1994 Nov;68(11):6985–6993. doi: 10.1128/jvi.68.11.6985-6993.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Zezulak K. M., Spear P. G. Mapping of the structural gene for the herpes simplex virus type 2 counterpart of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein C and identification of a type 2 mutant which does not express this glycoprotein. J Virol. 1984 Mar;49(3):741–747. doi: 10.1128/jvi.49.3.741-747.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Zsak L., Zuckermann F., Sugg N., Ben-Porat T. Glycoprotein gI of pseudorabies virus promotes cell fusion and virus spread via direct cell-to-cell transmission. J Virol. 1992 Apr;66(4):2316–2325. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.4.2316-2325.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES