Abstract
Human foamy virus (HFV) proteins were identified in human cells cultured in vitro by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting with specific antisera. Among several viral polypeptides, four glycoproteins of approximately 160, 130, 70, and 48 kDa were identified in HFV-infected cells. gp130 was shown to represent the intracellular env precursor, and gp70 and gp48 were shown to represent the external and transmembrane env proteins, respectively. The nature of gp160, which shares sequences with the env, bel1, and bel2 proteins, is not yet resolved. In addition, a p62 identified with bel1- and bel2-specific antisera likely corresponds to the bet gene product.
Full text
PDF![3596](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bca4/237707/d220092e1323/jvirol00027-0648.png)
![3597](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bca4/237707/a83959a93c83/jvirol00027-0649.png)
![3598](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bca4/237707/c3c2d7f0c9b7/jvirol00027-0650.png)
![3599](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bca4/237707/23232de9c54e/jvirol00027-0651.png)
![3600](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bca4/237707/3a5bdadf7347/jvirol00027-0652.png)
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Achong B. G., Mansell P. W., Epstein M. A., Clifford P. An unusual virus in cultures from a human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1971 Feb;46(2):299–307. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benzair A. B., Rhodes-Feuillette A., Emanoïl-Ravicovitch R., Peries J. Reverse transcriptase from simian foamy virus serotype 1: purification and characterization. J Virol. 1982 Nov;44(2):720–724. doi: 10.1128/jvi.44.2.720-724.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benzair A. B., Rhodes-Feuillette A., Lasneret J., Emanoil-Ravier R., Périès J. Purification and characterization of the major envelope glycoprotein of simian foamy virus type 1. J Gen Virol. 1985 Jul;66(Pt 7):1449–1455. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-66-7-1449. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cameron K. R., Birchall S. M., Moses M. A. Isolation of foamy virus from patient with dialysis encephalopathy. Lancet. 1978 Oct 7;2(8093):796–796. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(78)92691-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cleveland D. W., Fischer S. G., Kirschner M. W., Laemmli U. K. Peptide mapping by limited proteolysis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and analysis by gel electrophoresis. J Biol Chem. 1977 Feb 10;252(3):1102–1106. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Einfeld D., Hunter E. Oligomeric structure of a prototype retrovirus glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Nov;85(22):8688–8692. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.22.8688. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Flügel R. M., Rethwilm A., Maurer B., Darai G. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the env gene and its flanking regions of the human spumaretrovirus reveals two novel genes. EMBO J. 1987 Jul;6(7):2077–2084. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02473.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Flügel R. M. Spumaviruses: a group of complex retroviruses. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1991;4(8):739–750. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fuhrmann U., Bause E., Legler G., Ploegh H. Novel mannosidase inhibitor blocking conversion of high mannose to complex oligosaccharides. Nature. 1984 Feb 23;307(5953):755–758. doi: 10.1038/307755a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Heifetz A., Keenan R. W., Elbein A. D. Mechanism of action of tunicamycin on the UDP-GlcNAc:dolichyl-phosphate Glc-NAc-1-phosphate transferase. Biochemistry. 1979 May 29;18(11):2186–2192. doi: 10.1021/bi00578a008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hooks J. J., Gibbs C. J., Jr The foamy viruses. Bacteriol Rev. 1975 Sep;39(3):169–185. doi: 10.1128/br.39.3.169-185.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Keller A., Partin K. M., Löchelt M., Bannert H., Flügel R. M., Cullen B. R. Characterization of the transcriptional trans activator of human foamy retrovirus. J Virol. 1991 May;65(5):2589–2594. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.5.2589-2594.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kupiec J. J., Kay A., Hayat M., Ravier R., Périès J., Galibert F. Sequence analysis of the simian foamy virus type 1 genome. Gene. 1991 May 30;101(2):185–194. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90410-d. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kupiec J. J., Tobaly-Tapiero J., Canivet M., Santillana-Hayat M., Flügel R. M., Périès J., Emanoil-Ravier R. Evidence for a gapped linear duplex DNA intermediate in the replicative cycle of human and simian spumaviruses. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Oct 25;16(20):9557–9565. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.20.9557. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lagaye S., Vexiau P., Morozov V., Guénebaut-Claudet V., Tobaly-Tapiero J., Canivet M., Cathelineau G., Périès J., Emanoil-Ravier R. Human spumaretrovirus-related sequences in the DNA of leukocytes from patients with Graves disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 1;89(21):10070–10074. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.21.10070. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leamnson R. N., Shander M. H., Halpern M. S. A structural protein complex in Moloney leukemia virus. Virology. 1977 Jan;76(1):437–439. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90318-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leis J., Baltimore D., Bishop J. M., Coffin J., Fleissner E., Goff S. P., Oroszlan S., Robinson H., Skalka A. M., Temin H. M. Standardized and simplified nomenclature for proteins common to all retroviruses. J Virol. 1988 May;62(5):1808–1809. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.5.1808-1809.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Löchelt M., Zentgraf H., Flügel R. M. Construction of an infectious DNA clone of the full-length human spumaretrovirus genome and mutagenesis of the bel 1 gene. Virology. 1991 Sep;184(1):43–54. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90820-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maurer B., Bannert H., Darai G., Flügel R. M. Analysis of the primary structure of the long terminal repeat and the gag and pol genes of the human spumaretrovirus. J Virol. 1988 May;62(5):1590–1597. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.5.1590-1597.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mergia A., Luciw P. A. Replication and regulation of primate foamy viruses. Virology. 1991 Oct;184(2):475–482. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90417-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Muranyi W., Flügel R. M. Analysis of splicing patterns of human spumaretrovirus by polymerase chain reaction reveals complex RNA structures. J Virol. 1991 Feb;65(2):727–735. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.2.727-735.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Netzer K. O., Rethwilm A., Maurer B., ter Meulen V. Identification of the major immunogenic structural proteins of human foamy virus. J Gen Virol. 1990 May;71(Pt 5):1237–1241. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-71-5-1237. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Olden K., Pratt R. M., Yamada K. M. Role of carbohydrates in protein secretion and turnover: effects of tunicamycin on the major cell surface glycoprotein of chick embryo fibroblasts. Cell. 1978 Mar;13(3):461–473. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90320-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pinter A., Fleissner E. Structural studies of retroviruses: characterization of oligomeric complexes of murine and feline leukemia virus envelope and core components formed upon cross-linking. J Virol. 1979 Apr;30(1):157–165. doi: 10.1128/jvi.30.1.157-165.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pinter A., Honnen W. J., Tilley S. A., Bona C., Zaghouani H., Gorny M. K., Zolla-Pazner S. Oligomeric structure of gp41, the transmembrane protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol. 1989 Jun;63(6):2674–2679. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.6.2674-2679.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Racevskis J., Sarkar N. H. Murine mammary tumor virus structural protein interactions: formation of oligomeric complexes with cleavable cross-linking agents. J Virol. 1980 Sep;35(3):937–948. doi: 10.1128/jvi.35.3.937-948.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rethwilm A., Baunach G., Netzer K. O., Maurer B., Borisch B., ter Meulen V. Infectious DNA of the human spumaretrovirus. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Feb 25;18(4):733–738. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.4.733. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rethwilm A., Erlwein O., Baunach G., Maurer B., ter Meulen V. The transcriptional transactivator of human foamy virus maps to the bel 1 genomic region. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Feb 1;88(3):941–945. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.3.941. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rey M. A., Hovanessian A. G. On the processing of HIV-2 envelope glycoproteins. Res Virol. 1989 May-Jun;140(3):271–274. doi: 10.1016/s0923-2516(89)80104-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rey M. A., Krust B., Laurent A. G., Montagnier L., Hovanessian A. G. Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope glycoproteins: dimerization of the glycoprotein precursor during processing. J Virol. 1989 Feb;63(2):647–658. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.2.647-658.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rey M. A., Laurent A. G., McClure J., Krust B., Montagnier L., Hovanessian A. G. Transmembrane envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 and simian immunodeficiency virus SIV-mac exist as homodimers. J Virol. 1990 Feb;64(2):922–926. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.2.922-926.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roseto A., Guillemin M. C., Cohen J., Scherrer R., Périés J. Production d'anticorps monoclonaux contre le Rotavirus bovin. C R Seances Acad Sci III. 1982 Jan 25;294(4):211–214. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Saul R., Chambers J. P., Molyneux R. J., Elbein A. D. Castanospermine, a tetrahydroxylated alkaloid that inhibits beta-glucosidase and beta-glucocerebrosidase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1983 Mar;221(2):593–597. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(83)90181-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schwarz R. T., Rohrschneider J. M., Schmidt M. F. Suppression of glycoprotein formation of Semliki Forest, influenza, and avian sarcoma virus by tunicamycin. J Virol. 1976 Sep;19(3):782–791. doi: 10.1128/jvi.19.3.782-791.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tobaly-Tapiero J., Santillana-Hayat M., Giron M. L., Guillemin M. C., Rozain F., Périès J., Emanoil-Ravier R. Molecular differences between two immunologically related spumaretroviruses: the human prototype HSRV and the chimpanzee isolate SFV6. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1990 Jul;6(7):951–957. doi: 10.1089/aid.1990.6.951. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Towbin H., Staehelin T., Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4350–4354. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Werner J., Gelderblom H. Isolation of foamy virus from patients with de Quervain thyroiditis. Lancet. 1979 Aug 4;2(8136):258–259. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(79)90275-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Young D., Samuels J., Clarke J. K. A foamy virus of possible human origin isolated in BHK-21 cells. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch. 1973;42(3):228–234. doi: 10.1007/BF01265647. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]