Abstract
Renal stones are common; in North America calcific stones far exceed uric acid and cystine stones in number. Patients with recurrent, complicated, or bilateral stones merit thoughtful investigation which should take into account what is known about the causes of stone.
This review gives an outline of investigation and therapy for cystine and uric acid stones on the assumption that they can be dissolved and recurrences prevented. The challenge of calcific stones is faced and the use of thiazide and allopurinol is discussed as a potentially useful approach to treatment.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Boyce W. H. Organic matrix of human urinary concretions. Am J Med. 1968 Nov;45(5):673–683. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(68)90203-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chinn R. H., Maskell R., Mead J. A., Polak A. Renal stones and urinary infection: a study of antibiotic treatment. Br Med J. 1976 Dec 11;2(6049):1411–1413. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.6049.1411. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Coe F. L., Kavalach A. G. Hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. N Engl J Med. 1974 Dec 19;291(25):1344–1350. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197412192912510. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Coe F. L. Treated and untreated recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, or no metabolic disorder. Ann Intern Med. 1977 Oct;87(4):404–410. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-87-4-404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Finlayson B. Symposium on renal lithiasis. Renal lithiasis in review. Urol Clin North Am. 1974 Jun;1(2):181–212. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Howard J. E., Thomas W. C., Jr Control of crystallization in urine. Am J Med. 1968 Nov;45(5):693–699. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(68)90205-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nemoy N. J., Staney T. A. Surgical, bacteriological, and biochemical management of "infection stones". JAMA. 1971 Mar 1;215(9):1470–1476. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Prien E. L., Sr Symposium on renal lithiasis. The analysis of urinary calculi. Urol Clin North Am. 1974 Jun;1(2):229–240. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pylypchuk G., Ehrig U., Wilson D. R. Effect of hydrochlorothiazide on urine saturation with brushite, in vitro collagen calcification by urine, and urinary inhibitors of collagen calcification. Can Med Assoc J. 1978 Apr 8;118(7):792–796. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith L. H., Fromm H., Hofmann A. F. Acquired hyperoxaluria, nephrolithiasis, and intestinal disease. Description of a syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1972 Jun 29;286(26):1371–1375. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197206292862601. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stauffer J. Q., Humphreys M. H., Weir G. J. Acquired hyperoxaluria with regional enteritis after ileal resection. Role of dietary oxalate. Ann Intern Med. 1973 Sep;79(3):383–391. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-79-3-383. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thier S. O. Editorial: Why it's hard to treat kidney stones. N Engl J Med. 1976 Jan 29;294(5):276–277. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197601292940512. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thomas W. C., Jr Symposium on renal lithiasis. Medical aspects of renal calculous disease. Treatment and prophylaxis. Urol Clin North Am. 1974 Jun;1(2):261–278. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yendt E. R., Cohanim M. Thiazides and calcium urolithiasis. Can Med Assoc J. 1978 Apr 8;118(7):755–758. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yendt E. R., Guay G. F., Garcia D. A. The use of thiazides in the prevention of renal calculi. Can Med Assoc J. 1970 Mar 28;102(6):614–620. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yendt E. R. Renal calculi. Can Med Assoc J. 1970 Mar 14;102(5):479–489. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]