Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1993 Oct;67(10):6253–6258. doi: 10.1128/jvi.67.10.6253-6258.1993

Amino acid changes in the fourth conserved region of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 strain HIV-2ROD envelope glycoprotein modulate fusion.

R Keller 1, K Peden 1, S Paulous 1, L Montagnier 1, A Cordonnier 1
PMCID: PMC238048  PMID: 8371358

Abstract

The fourth conserved region (C4) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) surface glycoprotein has been shown to participate in CD4 binding and to influence viral tropism (A. Cordonnier, L. Montagnier, and M. Emerman, Nature [London] 340:571-574, 1989). To define the role of the corresponding region of HIV-2, we introduce single amino acid changes into the C4 sequence of HIV-2ROD. The effects of these mutations on glycoprotein function and on virus infectivity have been examined. We have shown that the tryptophan residue at position 428 is necessary primarily for CD4 binding. The isoleucine residue at position 421 is necessary for the establishment of productive infection in the promonocytic cell line U937, while it is dispensable to some extent for infection of primary T lymphocytes or the lymphocytic cell line SUP-T1. This replication defect correlated with the failure of the Ile-421-to-Thr (Ile-421-->Thr) mutant glycoprotein to form syncytia in U937 cells. DNA analysis of revertant viruses revealed that a strong selective pressure was exerted on residue 421 of the surface glycoprotein to allow HIV-2 infection of U937 cells. These results demonstrate that this region of HIV-2 plays an important role in determining fusion efficiency in a cell-dependent manner and consequently can influence viral tropism.

Full text

PDF
6253

Images in this article

6254Image
on p.6254
6255Image
on p.6255

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Cann A. J., Churcher M. J., Boyd M., O'Brien W., Zhao J. Q., Zack J., Chen I. S. The region of the envelope gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 responsible for determination of cell tropism. J Virol. 1992 Jan;66(1):305–309. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.1.305-309.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cordonnier A., Montagnier L., Emerman M. Single amino-acid changes in HIV envelope affect viral tropism and receptor binding. Nature. 1989 Aug 17;340(6234):571–574. doi: 10.1038/340571a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Dalgleish A. G., Beverley P. C., Clapham P. R., Crawford D. H., Greaves M. F., Weiss R. A. The CD4 (T4) antigen is an essential component of the receptor for the AIDS retrovirus. Nature. 1984 Dec 20;312(5996):763–767. doi: 10.1038/312763a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Eiden L. E., Lifson J. D. HIV interactions with CD4: a continuum of conformations and consequences. Immunol Today. 1992 Jun;13(6):201–206. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(92)90154-Y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Freed E. O., Myers D. J. Identification and characterization of fusion and processing domains of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope glycoprotein. J Virol. 1992 Sep;66(9):5472–5478. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.9.5472-5478.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Freed E. O., Risser R. The role of envelope glycoprotein processing in murine leukemia virus infection. J Virol. 1987 Sep;61(9):2852–2856. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.9.2852-2856.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Guyader M., Emerman M., Montagnier L., Peden K. VPX mutants of HIV-2 are infectious in established cell lines but display a severe defect in peripheral blood lymphocytes. EMBO J. 1989 Apr;8(4):1169–1175. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03488.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Guyader M., Emerman M., Sonigo P., Clavel F., Montagnier L., Alizon M. Genome organization and transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2. Nature. 1987 Apr 16;326(6114):662–669. doi: 10.1038/326662a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hwang S. S., Boyle T. J., Lyerly H. K., Cullen B. R. Identification of the envelope V3 loop as the primary determinant of cell tropism in HIV-1. Science. 1991 Jul 5;253(5015):71–74. doi: 10.1126/science.1905842. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Keller R., Montagnier L., Cordonnier A. Characterization of a nuclear retention sequence within the 3' region of the HIV-2 envelope gene. Virology. 1993 Jan;192(1):33–37. doi: 10.1006/viro.1993.1005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kimpton J., Emerman M. Detection of replication-competent and pseudotyped human immunodeficiency virus with a sensitive cell line on the basis of activation of an integrated beta-galactosidase gene. J Virol. 1992 Apr;66(4):2232–2239. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.4.2232-2239.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Klatzmann D., Champagne E., Chamaret S., Gruest J., Guetard D., Hercend T., Gluckman J. C., Montagnier L. T-lymphocyte T4 molecule behaves as the receptor for human retrovirus LAV. Nature. 1984 Dec 20;312(5996):767–768. doi: 10.1038/312767a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kunkel T. A. Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(2):488–492. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.2.488. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Maddon P. J., Dalgleish A. G., McDougal J. S., Clapham P. R., Weiss R. A., Axel R. The T4 gene encodes the AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the immune system and the brain. Cell. 1986 Nov 7;47(3):333–348. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90590-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. O'Brien W. A., Koyanagi Y., Namazie A., Zhao J. Q., Diagne A., Idler K., Zack J. A., Chen I. S. HIV-1 tropism for mononuclear phagocytes can be determined by regions of gp120 outside the CD4-binding domain. Nature. 1990 Nov 1;348(6296):69–73. doi: 10.1038/348069a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Olshevsky U., Helseth E., Furman C., Li J., Haseltine W., Sodroski J. Identification of individual human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 amino acids important for CD4 receptor binding. J Virol. 1990 Dec;64(12):5701–5707. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.12.5701-5707.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Shioda T., Levy J. A., Cheng-Mayer C. Macrophage and T cell-line tropisms of HIV-1 are determined by specific regions of the envelope gp120 gene. Nature. 1991 Jan 10;349(6305):167–169. doi: 10.1038/349167a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Steffy K. R., Kraus G., Looney D. J., Wong-Staal F. Role of the fusogenic peptide sequence in syncytium induction and infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 2. J Virol. 1992 Jul;66(7):4532–4535. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.7.4532-4535.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Thali M., Olshevsky U., Furman C., Gabuzda D., Li J., Sodroski J. Effects of changes in gp120-CD4 binding affinity on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein function and soluble CD4 sensitivity. J Virol. 1991 Sep;65(9):5007–5012. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.9.5007-5012.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Willey R. L., Ross E. K., Buckler-White A. J., Theodore T. S., Martin M. A. Functional interaction of constant and variable domains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120. J Virol. 1989 Sep;63(9):3595–3600. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.9.3595-3600.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Wyatt R., Thali M., Tilley S., Pinter A., Posner M., Ho D., Robinson J., Sodroski J. Relationship of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 third variable loop to a component of the CD4 binding site in the fourth conserved region. J Virol. 1992 Dec;66(12):6997–7004. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.12.6997-7004.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES