Abstract
Virus movement in soil during saturated and unsaturated flow was compared by adding poliovirus to sewage water and applying the water at different rates to a 250-cm-long soil column equipped with ceramic samplers at different depths. Movement of viruses during unsaturated flow of sewage through soil columns was much less than during saturated flow. Viruses did not move below the 40-cm level when sewage water was applied at less than the maximum infiltration rate; virus penetration in columns flooded with sewage was at least 160 cm. Therefore, virus movement in soils irrigated with sewage should be less than in flooded groundwater recharge basins or in saturated soil columns. Management of land treatment systems to provide unsaturated flow through the soil should minimize the depth of virus penetration. Differences in virus movement during saturated and unsaturated flow must be considered in the development of any model used to simulate virus movement in soils.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Goyal S. M., Gerba C. P. Comparative adsorption of human enteroviruses, simian rotavirus, and selected bacteriophages to soils. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):241–247. doi: 10.1128/aem.38.2.241-247.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lance J. C., Gerba C. P., Melnick J. L. Virus movement in soil columns flooded with secondary sewage effluent. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1976 Oct;32(4):520–526. doi: 10.1128/aem.32.4.520-526.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moore R. S., Taylor D. H., Sturman L. S., Reddy M. M., Fuhs G. W. Poliovirus adsorption by 34 minerals and soils. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1981 Dec;42(6):963–975. doi: 10.1128/aem.42.6.963-975.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sobsey M. D., Dean C. H., Knuckles M. E., Wagner R. A. Interactions and survival of enteric viruses in soil materials. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1980 Jul;40(1):92–101. doi: 10.1128/aem.40.1.92-101.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vaughn J. M., Landry E. F., Beckwith C. A., Thomas M. Z. Virus removal during groundwater recharge: effects of infiltration rate on adsorption of poliovirus to soil. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1981 Jan;41(1):139–147. doi: 10.1128/aem.41.1.139-147.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wang D. S., Gerba C. P., Lance J. C. Effect of soil permeability on virus removal through soil columns. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1981 Jul;42(1):83–88. doi: 10.1128/aem.42.1.83-88.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wang D. S., Lance J. C., Gerba C. P. Evaluation of various soil water samplers for virological sampling. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1980 Mar;39(3):662–664. doi: 10.1128/aem.39.3.662-664.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]