Skip to main content
Applied and Environmental Microbiology logoLink to Applied and Environmental Microbiology
. 1984 Apr;47(4):653–657. doi: 10.1128/aem.47.4.653-657.1984

Leakage of glutathione from bacterial cells caused by inhibition of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase.

R Nakayama, H Kumagai, T Tochikura
PMCID: PMC239743  PMID: 6144289

Abstract

Glutathione leaked from cells of Proteus mirabilis grown in medium containing an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. In medium containing 100 mM L-serine and borate, up to 300 microM glutathione accumulated. L-Serine in the medium was consumed during the logarithmic phase of growth, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity was restored, and glutathione decreased in the medium. In the presence of 2 mM 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, cells increased normally, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase was inhibited completely, and the maximum concentration of glutathione which accumulated in the medium was 20 microM. The glutathione content of cells rose before leakage began. Glutathione leaked from intact cells of other bacteria, although to a lesser extent than was seen with P. mirabilis.

Full text

PDF
653

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Apontoweil P., Berends W. Isolation and initial characterization of glutathione-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli K 12. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975 Jul 14;399(1):10–22. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(75)90206-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BRAY H. G., FRANKLIN T. J., JAMES S. P. The formation of mercapturic acids. 2. The possible role of glutathionase. Biochem J. 1959 Apr;71(4):690–696. doi: 10.1042/bj0710690. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Binkley F., Wiesemann M. L., Groth D. P., Powell R. W. Gamma-glutamyl transferase: a secretory enzyme. FEBS Lett. 1975 Mar 1;51(1):168–170. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)80878-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Boyland E., Ramsay G. S., Sims P. Metabolism of polycyclic compounds. 18. The secretion of metabolites of naphthalene, 1:2-dihydronaphthalene and 1:2-epoxy-1:2:3:4-tetrahydronaphthalene in rat bile. Biochem J. 1961 Feb;78(2):376–384. doi: 10.1042/bj0780376. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cheng H. M., Aronson A. I., Holt S. C. Role of glutathione in the morphogenesis of the bacterial spore coat. J Bacteriol. 1973 Mar;113(3):1134–1143. doi: 10.1128/jb.113.3.1134-1143.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Curthoys N. P., Kuhlenschmidt T. Phosphate-independent glutaminase from rat kidney. Partial purification and identity with gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. J Biol Chem. 1975 Mar 25;250(6):2099–2105. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. ELLMAN G. L. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1959 May;82(1):70–77. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(59)90090-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fahey R. C., Brody S., Mikolajczyk S. D. Changes in the glutathione thiol-disulfide status of Neurospora crassa conidia during germination and aging. J Bacteriol. 1975 Jan;121(1):144–151. doi: 10.1128/jb.121.1.144-151.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fahey R. C., Brown W. C., Adams W. B., Worsham M. B. Occurrence of glutathione in bacteria. J Bacteriol. 1978 Mar;133(3):1126–1129. doi: 10.1128/jb.133.3.1126-1129.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Fuchs J. A., Warner H. R. Isolation of an Escherichia coli mutant deficient in glutathione synthesis. J Bacteriol. 1975 Oct;124(1):140–148. doi: 10.1128/jb.124.1.140-148.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Griffith O. W., Meister A. Translocation of intracellular glutathione to membrane-bound gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase as a discrete step in the gamma-glutamyl cycle: glutathionuria after inhibition of transpeptidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Jan;76(1):268–272. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.1.268. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Griffith O. W., Novogrodsky A., Meister A. Translocation of glutathione from lymphoid cells that have markedly different gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 May;76(5):2249–2252. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.5.2249. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Horiuchi S., Inoue M., Morino Y. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: sidedness of its active site on renal brush-border membrane. Eur J Biochem. 1978 Jul 3;87(3):429–437. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12392.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Inoue M., Horiuchi S., Morino Y. Affinity labeling of rat-kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Eur J Biochem. 1977 Mar 1;73(2):335–342. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11323.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Karkowsky A. M., Bergamini M. V., Orlowski M. Kinetic studies of sheep kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. J Biol Chem. 1976 Aug 10;251(15):4736–4743. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Meister A. On the enzymology of amino acid transport. Science. 1973 Apr 6;180(4081):33–39. doi: 10.1126/science.180.4081.33. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Meister A., Tate S. S., Griffith O. W. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Methods Enzymol. 1981;77:237–253. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(81)77032-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Milbauer R., Grossowicz N. Gamma-glutamyl transfer reactions in bacteria. J Gen Microbiol. 1965 Nov;41(2):185–194. doi: 10.1099/00221287-41-2-185. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Novi A. M. Regression of aflatoxin B1-induced hepatocellular carcinomas by reduced glutathione. Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):541–542. doi: 10.1126/science.6782675. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Novogrodsky A., Tate S. S., Meister A. gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase, a lymphoid cell-surface marker: relationship to blastogenesis, differentiation, and neoplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Jul;73(7):2414–2418. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.7.2414. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. ORLOWSKI M., MEISTER A. ISOLATION OF GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASE FROM HOG KIDNEY. J Biol Chem. 1965 Jan;240:338–347. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Orlowski M., Meister A. The gamma-glutamyl cycle: a possible transport system for amino acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1970 Nov;67(3):1248–1255. doi: 10.1073/pnas.67.3.1248. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. TALALAY P. S. Glutathione breakdown and transpeptidation reactions in Proteus vulgaris. Nature. 1954 Sep 11;174(4428):516–517. doi: 10.1038/174516b0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Tate S. S., Meister A. Identity of maleate-stimulated glutaminase with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in rat kidney. J Biol Chem. 1975 Jun 25;250(12):4619–4627. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Tate S. S., Meister A. Interaction of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase with amino acids, dipeptides, and derivatives and analogs of glutathione. J Biol Chem. 1974 Dec 10;249(23):7593–7602. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Applied and Environmental Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES