Abstract
Temperate phages were induced from Streptococcus cremoris R1, BK5, and 134. DNA from the three induced phages was shown to be homologous with prophage DNA in the bacterial chromosomes of their lysogenic hosts by the Southern blot hybridization technique. 32P-labeled DNA from 11 lytic phages which had been isolated on cheese starters was similarly hybridized with DNA from 36 strains of lactic streptococci. No significant homology was detected between the phage and bacterial DNA. Phages and lactic streptococci used included phages isolated in a recently opened cheese plant and all the starter strains used in the plant since it commenced operation. The three temperate phages were compared by DNA-DNA hybridizations with 25 lytic phages isolated on cheese starters. Little or no homology was found between DNA from the temperate and lytic phages. In contrast, temperate phages showed a partial relationship with one another. Temperate phage DNA also showed partial homology with DNA from a number of strains of lactic streptococci, many of which have been shown to be lysogenic. This suggests that many temperate phages in lactic streptococci may be related to one another and therefore may be homoimmune with one another. These findings indicate that the release of temperate phages from starter cells currently in use is unlikely to be the predominant source of lytic phages in cheese plants.
Full text
PDF
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Huggins A. R., Sandine W. E. Incidence and properties of temperate bacteriophages induced from lactic streptococci. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1977 Jan;33(1):184–191. doi: 10.1128/aem.33.1.184-191.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ikeda H., Tomizawa J. Prophage P1, and extrachromosomal replication unit. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1968;33:791–798. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1968.033.01.091. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jarvis A. W. Differentiation of lactic streptococcal phages into phage species by DNA-DNA homology. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Feb;47(2):343–349. doi: 10.1128/aem.47.2.343-349.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jarvis A. W., Jarvis B. D. Deoxyribonucleic Acid homology among lactic streptococci. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1981 Jan;41(1):77–83. doi: 10.1128/aem.41.1.77-83.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klaenhammer T. R., McKay L. L., Baldwin K. A. Improved lysis of group N streptococci for isolation and rapid characterization of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1978 Mar;35(3):592–600. doi: 10.1128/aem.35.3.592-600.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leblanc D. J., Lee L. N. Rapid screening procedure for detection of plasmids in streptococci. J Bacteriol. 1979 Dec;140(3):1112–1115. doi: 10.1128/jb.140.3.1112-1115.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lowrie R. J. Lysogenic strains of group N lactic streptococci. Appl Microbiol. 1974 Jan;27(1):210–217. doi: 10.1128/am.27.1.210-217.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reyrolle J., Chopin M. C., Letellier F., Novel G. Lysogenic strains of lactic Acid streptococci and lytic spectra of their temperate bacteriophages. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982 Feb;43(2):349–356. doi: 10.1128/aem.43.2.349-356.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shimizu-Kadota M., Sakurai T., Tsuchida N. Prophage Origin of a Virulent Phage Appearing on Fermentations of Lactobacillus casei S-1. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983 Feb;45(2):669–674. doi: 10.1128/aem.45.2.669-674.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Terzaghi B. E., Sandine W. E. Improved medium for lactic streptococci and their bacteriophages. Appl Microbiol. 1975 Jun;29(6):807–813. doi: 10.1128/am.29.6.807-813.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Teuber M., Lembke J. The bacteriophages of lactic acid bacteria with emphasis on genetic aspects of group N lactic streptococci. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1983 Sep;49(3):283–295. doi: 10.1007/BF00399504. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]