Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1991 Jun;65(6):2987–2992. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.6.2987-2992.1991

Characterization of multiple mRNA species of simian immunodeficiency virus from macaques in a CD4+ lymphoid cell line.

I W Park 1, R Steen 1, Y Li 1
PMCID: PMC240945  PMID: 1674547

Abstract

Cytoplasmic poly(A)+ RNA was isolated from CEMX721.174 cells 5 to 10 days after infection with molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239. Expression of SIV RNA was analyzed by Northern (RNA) blot hybridization and by sequencing of cDNA clones. As expected, a splice donor site was demonstrated in the untranslated leader sequence outside the left long terminal repeat. The region between pol and env was found to contain at least two splice donor and six splice acceptor sites. Splice acceptor and donor sites in the intergenic region were suitably positioned for expression of vpx, vpr, tat, and rev. Splice acceptor sites at nucleotides 8802 and 8805 were demonstrated in singly and doubly spliced RNAs with the potential of expressing nef and the second exons of tat and rev. Our results demonstrate a complex pattern of alternative splicing of SIV mRNAs. The results are very similar to what has been observed in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells, suggesting that both human and simian immunodeficiency viruses are subject to multiple levels of regulation.

Full text

PDF

Images in this article

2988Image
on p.2988
2989Image
on p.2989

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arrigo S. J., Weitsman S., Zack J. A., Chen I. S. Characterization and expression of novel singly spliced RNA species of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol. 1990 Sep;64(9):4585–4588. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.9.4585-4588.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Benko D. M., Schwartz S., Pavlakis G. N., Felber B. K. A novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protein, tev, shares sequences with tat, env, and rev proteins. J Virol. 1990 Jun;64(6):2505–2518. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.6.2505-2518.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Birnboim H. C. A rapid alkaline extraction method for the isolation of plasmid DNA. Methods Enzymol. 1983;100:243–255. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)00059-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chakrabarti L., Guyader M., Alizon M., Daniel M. D., Desrosiers R. C., Tiollais P., Sonigo P. Sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from macaque and its relationship to other human and simian retroviruses. Nature. 1987 Aug 6;328(6130):543–547. doi: 10.1038/328543a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Colombini S., Arya S. K., Reitz M. S., Jagodzinski L., Beaver B., Wong-Staal F. Structure of simian immunodeficiency virus regulatory genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jul;86(13):4813–4817. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.13.4813. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Daniel M. D., Letvin N. L., King N. W., Kannagi M., Sehgal P. K., Hunt R. D., Kanki P. J., Essex M., Desrosiers R. C. Isolation of T-cell tropic HTLV-III-like retrovirus from macaques. Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1201–1204. doi: 10.1126/science.3159089. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Daniel M. D., Letvin N. L., Sehgal P. K., Schmidt D. K., Silva D. P., Solomon K. R., Hodi F. S., Jr, Ringler D. J., Hunt R. D., King N. W. Prevalence of antibodies to 3 retroviruses in a captive colony of macaque monkeys. Int J Cancer. 1988 Apr 15;41(4):601–608. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910410421. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dayton A. I., Terwilliger E. F., Potz J., Kowalski M., Sodroski J. G., Haseltine W. A. Cis-acting sequences responsive to the rev gene product of the human immunodeficiency virus. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1988;1(5):441–452. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Emerman M., Vazeux R., Peden K. The rev gene product of the human immunodeficiency virus affects envelope-specific RNA localization. Cell. 1989 Jun 30;57(7):1155–1165. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90053-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Ennis P. D., Zemmour J., Salter R. D., Parham P. Rapid cloning of HLA-A,B cDNA by using the polymerase chain reaction: frequency and nature of errors produced in amplification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Apr;87(7):2833–2837. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.7.2833. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Felber B. K., Drysdale C. M., Pavlakis G. N. Feedback regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression by the Rev protein. J Virol. 1990 Aug;64(8):3734–3741. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.8.3734-3741.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Felber B. K., Hadzopoulou-Cladaras M., Cladaras C., Copeland T., Pavlakis G. N. rev protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 affects the stability and transport of the viral mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Mar;86(5):1495–1499. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.5.1495. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Fukasawa M., Miura T., Hasegawa A., Morikawa S., Tsujimoto H., Miki K., Kitamura T., Hayami M. Sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkey, a new member of the HIV/SIV group. Nature. 1988 Jun 2;333(6172):457–461. doi: 10.1038/333457a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Grunstein M., Hogness D. S. Colony hybridization: a method for the isolation of cloned DNAs that contain a specific gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Oct;72(10):3961–3965. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.10.3961. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Guatelli J. C., Gingeras T. R., Richman D. D. Alternative splice acceptor utilization during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of cultured cells. J Virol. 1990 Sep;64(9):4093–4098. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.9.4093-4098.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hadzopoulou-Cladaras M., Felber B. K., Cladaras C., Athanassopoulos A., Tse A., Pavlakis G. N. The rev (trs/art) protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 affects viral mRNA and protein expression via a cis-acting sequence in the env region. J Virol. 1989 Mar;63(3):1265–1274. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.3.1265-1274.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hammarskjöld M. L., Heimer J., Hammarskjöld B., Sangwan I., Albert L., Rekosh D. Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus env expression by the rev gene product. J Virol. 1989 May;63(5):1959–1966. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.5.1959-1966.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hoxie J. A., Haggarty B. S., Bonser S. E., Rackowski J. L., Shan H., Kanki P. J. Biological characterization of a simian immunodeficiency virus-like retrovirus (HTLV-IV): evidence for CD4-associated molecules required for infection. J Virol. 1988 Aug;62(8):2557–2568. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.8.2557-2568.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Jacks T., Madhani H. D., Masiarz F. R., Varmus H. E. Signals for ribosomal frameshifting in the Rous sarcoma virus gag-pol region. Cell. 1988 Nov 4;55(3):447–458. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90031-1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Jacks T., Power M. D., Masiarz F. R., Luciw P. A., Barr P. J., Varmus H. E. Characterization of ribosomal frameshifting in HIV-1 gag-pol expression. Nature. 1988 Jan 21;331(6153):280–283. doi: 10.1038/331280a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kannagi M., Yetz J. M., Letvin N. L. In vitro growth characteristics of simian T-lymphotropic virus type III. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(20):7053–7057. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.20.7053. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Malim M. H., Hauber J., Le S. Y., Maizel J. V., Cullen B. R. The HIV-1 rev trans-activator acts through a structured target sequence to activate nuclear export of unspliced viral mRNA. Nature. 1989 Mar 16;338(6212):254–257. doi: 10.1038/338254a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Malim M. H., Tiley L. S., McCarn D. F., Rusche J. R., Hauber J., Cullen B. R. HIV-1 structural gene expression requires binding of the Rev trans-activator to its RNA target sequence. Cell. 1990 Feb 23;60(4):675–683. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90670-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Mount S. M. A catalogue of splice junction sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Jan 22;10(2):459–472. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.2.459. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Muesing M. A., Smith D. H., Capon D. J. Regulation of mRNA accumulation by a human immunodeficiency virus trans-activator protein. Cell. 1987 Feb 27;48(4):691–701. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90247-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Murphey-Corb M., Martin L. N., Rangan S. R., Baskin G. B., Gormus B. J., Wolf R. H., Andes W. A., West M., Montelaro R. C. Isolation of an HTLV-III-related retrovirus from macaques with simian AIDS and its possible origin in asymptomatic mangabeys. Nature. 1986 May 22;321(6068):435–437. doi: 10.1038/321435a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Naidu Y. M., Kestler H. W., 3rd, Li Y., Butler C. V., Silva D. P., Schmidt D. K., Troup C. D., Sehgal P. K., Sonigo P., Daniel M. D. Characterization of infectious molecular clones of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac) and human immunodeficiency virus type 2: persistent infection of rhesus monkeys with molecularly cloned SIVmac. J Virol. 1988 Dec;62(12):4691–4696. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.12.4691-4696.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Ohta Y., Masuda T., Tsujimoto H., Ishikawa K., Kodama T., Morikawa S., Nakai M., Honjo S., Hayami M. Isolation of simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys and seroepidemiologic survey of the virus in various non-human primates. Int J Cancer. 1988 Jan 15;41(1):115–122. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910410121. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Okayama H., Berg P. High-efficiency cloning of full-length cDNA. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Feb;2(2):161–170. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.2.161. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Regier D. A., Desrosiers R. C. The complete nucleotide sequence of a pathogenic molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1990 Nov;6(11):1221–1231. doi: 10.1089/aid.1990.6.1221. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Salfeld J., Göttlinger H. G., Sia R. A., Park R. E., Sodroski J. G., Haseltine W. A. A tripartite HIV-1 tat-env-rev fusion protein. EMBO J. 1990 Mar;9(3):965–970. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08195.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Schwartz S., Felber B. K., Benko D. M., Fenyö E. M., Pavlakis G. N. Cloning and functional analysis of multiply spliced mRNA species of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol. 1990 Jun;64(6):2519–2529. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.6.2519-2529.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Viglianti G. A., Sharma P. L., Mullins J. I. Simian immunodeficiency virus displays complex patterns of RNA splicing. J Virol. 1990 Sep;64(9):4207–4216. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.9.4207-4216.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES