Skip to main content

Some NLM-NCBI services and products are experiencing heavy traffic, which may affect performance and availability. We apologize for the inconvenience and appreciate your patience. For assistance, please contact our Help Desk at info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1991 Jun;65(6):3340–3343. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.6.3340-3343.1991

Efficient polyadenylation within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat requires flanking U3-specific sequences.

P H Brown 1, L S Tiley 1, B R Cullen 1
PMCID: PMC240993  PMID: 1851882

Abstract

During transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus, polyadenylation signals present in the 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) are disregarded while the identical polyadenylation signals present in the 3' LTR are utilized efficiently. As both transcribed LTR sequences contain all signals known to be required for efficient polyadenylation, the basis for this differential utilization has been unclear. Here, we describe experiments that suggest that transcribed sequences present within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 LTR U3 region act in cis to enhance polyadenylation within the 3' LTR.

Full text

PDF
3340

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Birnstiel M. L., Busslinger M., Strub K. Transcription termination and 3' processing: the end is in site! Cell. 1985 Jun;41(2):349–359. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80007-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Böhnlein S., Hauber J., Cullen B. R. Identification of a U5-specific sequence required for efficient polyadenylation within the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat. J Virol. 1989 Jan;63(1):421–424. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.1.421-424.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Carswell S., Alwine J. C. Efficiency of utilization of the simian virus 40 late polyadenylation site: effects of upstream sequences. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Oct;9(10):4248–4258. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.10.4248. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cullen B. R. Trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus occurs via a bimodal mechanism. Cell. 1986 Sep 26;46(7):973–982. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90696-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Davies J., Smith D. I. Plasmid-determined resistance to antimicrobial agents. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1978;32:469–518. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.32.100178.002345. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. DeZazzo J. D., Imperiale M. J. Sequences upstream of AAUAAA influence poly(A) site selection in a complex transcription unit. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Nov;9(11):4951–4961. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.11.4951. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gorman C. M., Moffat L. F., Howard B. H. Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Sep;2(9):1044–1051. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.9.1044. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Iwasaki K., Temin H. M. The efficiency of RNA 3'-end formation is determined by the distance between the cap site and the poly(A) site in spleen necrosis virus. Genes Dev. 1990 Dec;4(12B):2299–2307. doi: 10.1101/gad.4.12b.2299. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Ju G., Cullen B. R. The role of avian retroviral LTRs in the regulation of gene expression and viral replication. Adv Virus Res. 1985;30:179–223. doi: 10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60451-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Mullis K. B., Faloona F. A. Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase-catalyzed chain reaction. Methods Enzymol. 1987;155:335–350. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)55023-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Russnak R., Ganem D. Sequences 5' to the polyadenylation signal mediate differential poly(A) site use in hepatitis B viruses. Genes Dev. 1990 May;4(5):764–776. doi: 10.1101/gad.4.5.764. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Sanfaçon H., Hohn T. Proximity to the promoter inhibits recognition of cauliflower mosaic virus polyadenylation signal. Nature. 1990 Jul 5;346(6279):81–84. doi: 10.1038/346081a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Valsamakis A., Zeichner S., Carswell S., Alwine J. C. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 polyadenylylation signal: a 3' long terminal repeat element upstream of the AAUAAA necessary for efficient polyadenylylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 15;88(6):2108–2112. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.6.2108. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Varmus H. Retroviruses. Science. 1988 Jun 10;240(4858):1427–1435. doi: 10.1126/science.3287617. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES