Skip to main content
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1992 Aug;66(8):5161–5167. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.8.5161-5167.1992

An Epstein-Barr virus transformation-associated membrane protein interacts with src family tyrosine kinases.

A L Burkhardt 1, J B Bolen 1, E Kieff 1, R Longnecker 1
PMCID: PMC241398  PMID: 1321296

Abstract

In latently infected growth-transformed human lymphocytes, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encodes two integral plasma membrane proteins: LMP1, which constitutively induces B-lymphocyte activation and intercellular adhesion, and LMP2A, which associates with LMP1 and is a tyrosine kinase substrate. We now demonstrate that LMP2A associates with src family protein tyrosine kinases, particularly lyn kinase, in nonionic detergent extracts of transfected B lymphoma cells or in extracts of EBV-transformed B lymphocytes. The LMP2A and tyrosine kinase association is stable in nonionic detergents and includes a 70-kDa cell protein which is also an in vitro or in vivo kinase substrate. This LMP2A association with B-lymphocyte src family tyrosine kinases is likely to be an important pathway in EBV's effects on cell growth.

Full text

PDF
5161

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anagnostopoulos I., Herbst H., Niedobitek G., Stein H. Demonstration of monoclonal EBV genomes in Hodgkin's disease and Ki-1-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma by combined Southern blot and in situ hybridization. Blood. 1989 Aug 1;74(2):810–816. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Anderson D., Koch C. A., Grey L., Ellis C., Moran M. F., Pawson T. Binding of SH2 domains of phospholipase C gamma 1, GAP, and Src to activated growth factor receptors. Science. 1990 Nov 16;250(4983):979–982. doi: 10.1126/science.2173144. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Baichwal V. R., Hammerschmidt W., Sugden B. Characterization of the BNLF-1 oncogene of Epstein-Barr virus. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1989;144:233–239. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-74578-2_29. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Baichwal V. R., Sugden B. Transformation of Balb 3T3 cells by the BNLF-1 gene of Epstein-Barr virus. Oncogene. 1988 May;2(5):461–467. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Benhamou M., Gutkind J. S., Robbins K. C., Siraganian R. P. Tyrosine phosphorylation coupled to IgE receptor-mediated signal transduction and histamine release. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jul;87(14):5327–5330. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.14.5327. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bolen J. B., Thiele C. J., Israel M. A., Yonemoto W., Lipsich L. A., Brugge J. S. Enhancement of cellular src gene product associated tyrosyl kinase activity following polyoma virus infection and transformation. Cell. 1984 Oct;38(3):767–777. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90272-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Burkhardt A. L., Brunswick M., Bolen J. B., Mond J. J. Anti-immunoglobulin stimulation of B lymphocytes activates src-related protein-tyrosine kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Aug 15;88(16):7410–7414. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.16.7410. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Campbell K. S., Cambier J. C. B lymphocyte antigen receptors (mIg) are non-covalently associated with a disulfide linked, inducibly phosphorylated glycoprotein complex. EMBO J. 1990 Feb;9(2):441–448. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08129.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Campbell K. S., Hager E. J., Friedrich R. J., Cambier J. C. IgM antigen receptor complex contains phosphoprotein products of B29 and mb-1 genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 1;88(9):3982–3986. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.9.3982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Campbell M. A., Sefton B. M. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is induced in murine B lymphocytes in response to stimulation with anti-immunoglobulin. EMBO J. 1990 Jul;9(7):2125–2131. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07381.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Cartwright C. A., Eckhart W., Simon S., Kaplan P. L. Cell transformation by pp60c-src mutated in the carboxy-terminal regulatory domain. Cell. 1987 Apr 10;49(1):83–91. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90758-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Cartwright C. A., Kaplan P. L., Cooper J. A., Hunter T., Eckhart W. Altered sites of tyrosine phosphorylation in pp60c-src associated with polyomavirus middle tumor antigen. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 May;6(5):1562–1570. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.5.1562. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Chen J. Z., Stall A. M., Herzenberg L. A., Herzenberg L. A. Differences in glycoprotein complexes associated with IgM and IgD on normal murine B cells potentially enable transduction of different signals. EMBO J. 1990 Jul;9(7):2117–2124. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07380.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Cheng S. H., Harvey R., Espino P. C., Semba K., Yamamoto T., Toyoshima K., Smith A. E. Peptide antibodies to the human c-fyn gene product demonstrate pp59c-fyn is capable of complex formation with the middle-T antigen of polyomavirus. EMBO J. 1988 Dec 1;7(12):3845–3855. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03270.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Cheng S. H., Markland W., Markham A. F., Smith A. E. Mutations around the NG59 lesion indicate an active association of polyoma virus middle-T antigen with pp60c-src is required for cell transformation. EMBO J. 1986 Feb;5(2):325–334. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04216.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Cooper J. A., MacAuley A. Potential positive and negative autoregulation of p60c-src by intermolecular autophosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jun;85(12):4232–4236. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.12.4232. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Coughlin S. R., Escobedo J. A., Williams L. T. Role of phosphatidylinositol kinase in PDGF receptor signal transduction. Science. 1989 Mar 3;243(4895):1191–1194. doi: 10.1126/science.2466336. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Courtneidge S. A., Heber A. An 81 kd protein complexed with middle T antigen and pp60c-src: a possible phosphatidylinositol kinase. Cell. 1987 Sep 25;50(7):1031–1037. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90169-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Courtneidge S. A., Smith A. E. Polyoma virus transforming protein associates with the product of the c-src cellular gene. Nature. 1983 Jun 2;303(5916):435–439. doi: 10.1038/303435a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Courtneidge S. A., Smith A. E. The complex of polyoma virus middle-T antigen and pp60c-src. EMBO J. 1984 Mar;3(3):585–591. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01852.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Fennewald S., van Santen V., Kieff E. Nucleotide sequence of an mRNA transcribed in latent growth-transforming virus infection indicates that it may encode a membrane protein. J Virol. 1984 Aug;51(2):411–419. doi: 10.1128/jvi.51.2.411-419.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Frech B., Zimber-Strobl U., Suentzenich K. O., Pavlish O., Lenoir G. M., Bornkamm G. W., Mueller-Lantzsch N. Identification of Epstein-Barr virus terminal protein 1 (TP1) in extracts of four lymphoid cell lines, expression in insect cells, and detection of antibodies in human sera. J Virol. 1990 Jun;64(6):2759–2767. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.6.2759-2767.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Gold M. R., Law D. A., DeFranco A. L. Stimulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation by the B-lymphocyte antigen receptor. Nature. 1990 Jun 28;345(6278):810–813. doi: 10.1038/345810a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Gold M. R., Matsuuchi L., Kelly R. B., DeFranco A. L. Tyrosine phosphorylation of components of the B-cell antigen receptors following receptor crosslinking. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 15;88(8):3436–3440. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.8.3436. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Harabuchi Y., Yamanaka N., Kataura A., Imai S., Kinoshita T., Mizuno F., Osato T. Epstein-Barr virus in nasal T-cell lymphomas in patients with lethal midline granuloma. Lancet. 1990 Jan 20;335(8682):128–130. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90002-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Hennessy K., Fennewald S., Hummel M., Cole T., Kieff E. A membrane protein encoded by Epstein-Barr virus in latent growth-transforming infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(22):7207–7211. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.22.7207. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Hombach J., Tsubata T., Leclercq L., Stappert H., Reth M. Molecular components of the B-cell antigen receptor complex of the IgM class. Nature. 1990 Feb 22;343(6260):760–762. doi: 10.1038/343760a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Horak I. D., Kawakami T., Gregory F., Robbins K. C., Bolen J. B. Association of p60fyn with middle tumor antigen in murine polyomavirus-transformed rat cells. J Virol. 1989 May;63(5):2343–2347. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.5.2343-2347.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Kaplan D. R., Morrison D. K., Wong G., McCormick F., Williams L. T. PDGF beta-receptor stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of GAP and association of GAP with a signaling complex. Cell. 1990 Apr 6;61(1):125–133. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90220-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Kaplan D. R., Whitman M., Schaffhausen B., Pallas D. C., White M., Cantley L., Roberts T. M. Common elements in growth factor stimulation and oncogenic transformation: 85 kd phosphoprotein and phosphatidylinositol kinase activity. Cell. 1987 Sep 25;50(7):1021–1029. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90168-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Kawa-Ha K., Ishihara S., Ninomiya T., Yumura-Yagi K., Hara J., Murayama F., Tawa A., Hirai K. CD3-negative lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes containing Epstein-Barr viral DNA. J Clin Invest. 1989 Jul;84(1):51–55. doi: 10.1172/JCI114168. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Kazlauskas A., Cooper J. A. Phosphorylation of the PDGF receptor beta subunit creates a tight binding site for phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase. EMBO J. 1990 Oct;9(10):3279–3286. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07527.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Kazlauskas A., Ellis C., Pawson T., Cooper J. A. Binding of GAP to activated PDGF receptors. Science. 1990 Mar 30;247(4950):1578–1581. doi: 10.1126/science.2157284. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Kmiecik T. E., Shalloway D. Activation and suppression of pp60c-src transforming ability by mutation of its primary sites of tyrosine phosphorylation. Cell. 1987 Apr 10;49(1):65–73. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90756-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Koch C. A., Anderson D., Moran M. F., Ellis C., Pawson T. SH2 and SH3 domains: elements that control interactions of cytoplasmic signaling proteins. Science. 1991 May 3;252(5006):668–674. doi: 10.1126/science.1708916. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Kornbluth S., Sudol M., Hanafusa H. Association of the polyomavirus middle-T antigen with c-yes protein. Nature. 1987 Jan 8;325(7000):171–173. doi: 10.1038/325171a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Kypta R. M., Goldberg Y., Ulug E. T., Courtneidge S. A. Association between the PDGF receptor and members of the src family of tyrosine kinases. Cell. 1990 Aug 10;62(3):481–492. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90013-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Kypta R. M., Hemming A., Courtneidge S. A. Identification and characterization of p59fyn (a src-like protein tyrosine kinase) in normal and polyoma virus transformed cells. EMBO J. 1988 Dec 1;7(12):3837–3844. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03269.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Laux G., Perricaudet M., Farrell P. J. A spliced Epstein-Barr virus gene expressed in immortalized lymphocytes is created by circularization of the linear viral genome. EMBO J. 1988 Mar;7(3):769–774. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02874.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Liebowitz D., Kieff E. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein: induction of B-cell activation antigens and membrane patch formation does not require vimentin. J Virol. 1989 Sep;63(9):4051–4054. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.9.4051-4054.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Locker J., Nalesnik M. Molecular genetic analysis of lymphoid tumors arising after organ transplantation. Am J Pathol. 1989 Dec;135(6):977–987. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Longnecker R., Druker B., Roberts T. M., Kieff E. An Epstein-Barr virus protein associated with cell growth transformation interacts with a tyrosine kinase. J Virol. 1991 Jul;65(7):3681–3692. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.7.3681-3692.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Longnecker R., Kieff E. A second Epstein-Barr virus membrane protein (LMP2) is expressed in latent infection and colocalizes with LMP1. J Virol. 1990 May;64(5):2319–2326. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.5.2319-2326.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Margolis B., Rhee S. G., Felder S., Mervic M., Lyall R., Levitzki A., Ullrich A., Zilberstein A., Schlessinger J. EGF induces tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-II: a potential mechanism for EGF receptor signaling. Cell. 1989 Jun 30;57(7):1101–1107. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90047-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Morrison D. K., Kaplan D. R., Escobedo J. A., Rapp U. R., Roberts T. M., Williams L. T. Direct activation of the serine/threonine kinase activity of Raf-1 through tyrosine phosphorylation by the PDGF beta-receptor. Cell. 1989 Aug 25;58(4):649–657. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90100-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Morrison D. K., Kaplan D. R., Rapp U., Roberts T. M. Signal transduction from membrane to cytoplasm: growth factors and membrane-bound oncogene products increase Raf-1 phosphorylation and associated protein kinase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):8855–8859. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.23.8855. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. O'Shaughnessy J., Deseau V., Amini S., Rosen N., Bolen J. B. Analysis of the c-src gene product structure, abundance, and protein kinase activity in human neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cells. Oncogene Res. 1987;2(1):1–18. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Pallas D. C., Cherington V., Morgan W., DeAnda J., Kaplan D., Schaffhausen B., Roberts T. M. Cellular proteins that associate with the middle and small T antigens of polyomavirus. J Virol. 1988 Nov;62(11):3934–3940. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.11.3934-3940.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Pallas D. C., Shahrik L. K., Martin B. L., Jaspers S., Miller T. B., Brautigan D. L., Roberts T. M. Polyoma small and middle T antigens and SV40 small t antigen form stable complexes with protein phosphatase 2A. Cell. 1990 Jan 12;60(1):167–176. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90726-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Piwnica-Worms H., Saunders K. B., Roberts T. M., Smith A. E., Cheng S. H. Tyrosine phosphorylation regulates the biochemical and biological properties of pp60c-src. Cell. 1987 Apr 10;49(1):75–82. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90757-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Reth M., Hombach J., Wienands J., Campbell K. S., Chien N., Justement L. B., Cambier J. C. The B-cell antigen receptor complex. Immunol Today. 1991 Jun;12(6):196–201. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(91)90053-V. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Rowe D. T., Hall L., Joab I., Laux G. Identification of the Epstein-Barr virus terminal protein gene products in latently infected lymphocytes. J Virol. 1990 Jun;64(6):2866–2875. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.6.2866-2875.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Sample J., Liebowitz D., Kieff E. Two related Epstein-Barr virus membrane proteins are encoded by separate genes. J Virol. 1989 Feb;63(2):933–937. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.2.933-937.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Shope T., Dechairo D., Miller G. Malignant lymphoma in cottontop marmosets after inoculation with Epstein-Barr virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Sep;70(9):2487–2491. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.9.2487. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Staal S. P., Ambinder R., Beschorner W. E., Hayward G. S., Mann R. A survey of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in lymphoid tissue. Frequent detection in Hodgkin's disease. Am J Clin Pathol. 1989 Jan;91(1):1–5. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/91.1.1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Stein H., Herbst H., Anagnostopoulos I., Niedobitek G., Dallenbach F., Kratzsch H. C. The nature of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells, their association with EBV, and their relationship to anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Ann Oncol. 1991 Feb;2 (Suppl 2):33–38. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7305-4_5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Treisman R., Novak U., Favaloro J., Kamen R. Transformation of rat cells by an altered polyoma virus genome expressing only the middle-T protein. Nature. 1981 Aug 13;292(5824):595–600. doi: 10.1038/292595a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Uccini S., Monardo F., Ruco L. P., Baroni C. D., Faggioni A., Agliano A. M., Gradilone A., Manzari V., Vago L., Costanzi G. High frequency of Epstein-Barr virus genome in HIV-positive patients with Hodgkin's disease. Lancet. 1989 Jun 24;1(8652):1458–1458. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90171-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Uccini S., Monardo F., Vitolo D., Faggioni A., Gradilone A., Aglianó A. M., Manzari V., Ruco L. P., Baroni C. D. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens and genome in lymph nodes of HIV-positive patients affected by persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL). Am J Clin Pathol. 1989 Dec;92(6):729–735. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/92.6.729. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Veillette A., Bookman M. A., Horak E. M., Bolen J. B. The CD4 and CD8 T cell surface antigens are associated with the internal membrane tyrosine-protein kinase p56lck. Cell. 1988 Oct 21;55(2):301–308. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90053-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Voelkerding K. V., Sandhaus L. M., Kim H. C., Wilson J., Chittenden T., Levine A. J., Raska K., Jr Plasma cell malignancy in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Association with Epstein-Barr virus. Am J Clin Pathol. 1989 Aug;92(2):222–228. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/92.2.222. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Wang D., Liebowitz D., Kieff E. An EBV membrane protein expressed in immortalized lymphocytes transforms established rodent cells. Cell. 1985 Dec;43(3 Pt 2):831–840. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90256-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Wang D., Liebowitz D., Wang F., Gregory C., Rickinson A., Larson R., Springer T., Kieff E. Epstein-Barr virus latent infection membrane protein alters the human B-lymphocyte phenotype: deletion of the amino terminus abolishes activity. J Virol. 1988 Nov;62(11):4173–4184. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.11.4173-4184.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Wang F., Gregory C., Sample C., Rowe M., Liebowitz D., Murray R., Rickinson A., Kieff E. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein (LMP1) and nuclear proteins 2 and 3C are effectors of phenotypic changes in B lymphocytes: EBNA-2 and LMP1 cooperatively induce CD23. J Virol. 1990 May;64(5):2309–2318. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.5.2309-2318.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Whitman M., Kaplan D. R., Schaffhausen B., Cantley L., Roberts T. M. Association of phosphatidylinositol kinase activity with polyoma middle-T competent for transformation. Nature. 1985 May 16;315(6016):239–242. doi: 10.1038/315239a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Whitman M., Kaplan D., Roberts T., Cantley L. Evidence for two distinct phosphatidylinositol kinases in fibroblasts. Implications for cellular regulation. Biochem J. 1987 Oct 1;247(1):165–174. doi: 10.1042/bj2470165. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Wienands J., Hombach J., Radbruch A., Riesterer C., Reth M. Molecular components of the B cell antigen receptor complex of class IgD differ partly from those of IgM. EMBO J. 1990 Feb;9(2):449–455. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08130.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Wu T. C., Mann R. B., Charache P., Hayward S. D., Staal S., Lambe B. C., Ambinder R. F. Detection of EBV gene expression in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease. Int J Cancer. 1990 Nov 15;46(5):801–804. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910460509. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Yamanashi Y., Kakiuchi T., Mizuguchi J., Yamamoto T., Toyoshima K. Association of B cell antigen receptor with protein tyrosine kinase Lyn. Science. 1991 Jan 11;251(4990):192–194. doi: 10.1126/science.1702903. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Young L., Alfieri C., Hennessy K., Evans H., O'Hara C., Anderson K. C., Ritz J., Shapiro R. S., Rickinson A., Kieff E. Expression of Epstein-Barr virus transformation-associated genes in tissues of patients with EBV lymphoproliferative disease. N Engl J Med. 1989 Oct 19;321(16):1080–1085. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198910193211604. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES