Skip to main content
Postgraduate Medical Journal logoLink to Postgraduate Medical Journal
. 1979 May;55(643):353–357. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.55.643.353

Metabolic changes in pregnancy relevant to diabetes mellitus.

T Lind
PMCID: PMC2425445  PMID: 382168

Abstract

The alterations in carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy are discussed and possible mechanisms for these changes are put forward. It is stressed that the raised levels of plasma glucose, the enhanced response to insulin and the decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin are all features of normal pregnancy. It may be difficult to distinguish this from very early forms of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, the detection of which is briefly considered.

Full text

PDF
353

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. BLEICHER S. J., O'SULLIVAN J. B., FREINKEL N. CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN PREGNANCY. V. THE INTERRELATIONS OF GLUCOSE, INSULIN AND FREE FATTY ACIDS IN LATE PREGNANCY AND POST PARTUM. N Engl J Med. 1964 Oct 22;271:866–872. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196410222711702. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bellmann O., Hartmann E. Influence of pregnancy on the kinetics of insulin. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1975 Aug 1;122(7):829–833. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(75)90723-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bunn H. F., Haney D. N., Kamin S., Gabbay K. H., Gallop P. M. The biosynthesis of human hemoglobin A1c. Slow glycosylation of hemoglobin in vivo. J Clin Invest. 1976 Jun;57(6):1652–1659. doi: 10.1172/JCI108436. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Fitzgibbons J. F., Koler R. D., Jones R. T. Red cell age-related changes of hemoglobins AIa+b and AIc in normal and diabetic subjects. J Clin Invest. 1976 Oct;58(4):820–824. doi: 10.1172/JCI108534. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Glinsmann W. H., Feldman F. J., Mertz W. Plasma chromium after glucose administration. Science. 1966 May 27;152(3726):1243–1245. doi: 10.1126/science.152.3726.1243. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Koenig R. J., Peterson C. M., Jones R. L., Saudek C., Lehrman M., Cerami A. Correlation of glucose regulation and hemoglobin AIc in diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1976 Aug 19;295(8):417–420. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197608192950804. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Kuhl C., Holst J. J. Plasma glucagon and the insulin:glucagon ratio in gestational diabetes. Diabetes. 1976 Jan;25(1):16–23. doi: 10.2337/diab.25.1.16. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Lind T., Bell S., Gilmore E., Huisjes H. J., Schally A. V. Insulin disappearance rate in pregnant and non-pregnant women, and in non-pregnant women given GHRIH. Eur J Clin Invest. 1977 Feb;7(1):47–52. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1977.tb01569.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Lind T., Billewicz W. Z., Brown G. A serial study of changes occurring in the oral glucose tolerance test during pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw. 1973 Dec;80(12):1033–1039. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1973.tb02976.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Lind T., Harris V. G. Changes in the oral glucose tolerance test during the puerperium. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1976 Jun;83(6):460–463. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1976.tb00866.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Lind T., de Groot H. A., Brown G., Cheyne G. A. Observations on blood glucose and insulin determinations. Br Med J. 1972 Aug 5;3(5822):320–323. doi: 10.1136/bmj.3.5822.320. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Phelps R. L., Bergenstal R., Freinkel N., Rubenstein A. H., Metzger B. E., Mako M. Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy: XIII. Relationships between plasma insulin and proinsulin during late pregnancy in normal and diabetic subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975 Dec;41(06):1085–1091. doi: 10.1210/jcem-41-6-1085. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Toepfer E. W., Mertz W., Roginski E. E., Polansky M. M. Chromium in foods in relation to biological activity. J Agric Food Chem. 1973 Jan-Feb;21(1):69–71. doi: 10.1021/jf60185a008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Trivelli L. A., Ranney H. M., Lai H. T. Hemoglobin components in patients with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1971 Feb 18;284(7):353–357. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197102182840703. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Tyson J. E., Merimee T. J. Some physiologic effects of protein ingestion in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1970 Jul 1;107(5):797–800. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(16)33999-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Postgraduate Medical Journal are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES