Abstract
Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis parasporal crystals to the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, is described. The numbers of insects killed were in relation to crystal dry weight. Mortality was determined by comparing adult emergence in diets treated with crystals to emergence in untreated diets. There was only a 30% survival at an application of 0.414 microgram/cm2, and the mean 50% lethal concentration value was found to be 0.299 microgram/cm2. The use of emergence data has provided a reliable and reproducible bioassay for comparing relative toxicities of crystals, spores, and other cellular components to this economically important insect.
Full text
PDF
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- HANNAY C. L., FITZ-JAMES P. The protein crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. Can J Microbiol. 1955 Oct;1(8):694–710. doi: 10.1139/m55-083. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nickerson K. W., Bulla L. A., Jr Physiology of sporeforming bacteria associated with insects: minimal nutritional requirements for growth, sporulation, and parasporal crystal formation of Bacillus thuringiensis. Appl Microbiol. 1974 Jul;28(1):124–128. doi: 10.1128/am.28.1.124-128.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rogoff M. H., Yousten A. A. Bacillus thuringiensis: microbiological considerations. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1969;23:357–386. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.23.100169.002041. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schesser J. H., Bulla L. A., Jr Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis spores to the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1978 Jan;35(1):121–123. doi: 10.1128/aem.35.1.121-123.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schesser J. H. Commercial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis for control of Indian meal moth. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1976 Oct;32(4):508–510. doi: 10.1128/aem.32.4.508-510.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schesser J. H., Kramer K. J., Bulla L. A., Jr Bioassay for homogeneous parasporal crystal of Bacillus thuringiensis using the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1977 Apr;33(4):878–880. doi: 10.1128/aem.33.4.878-880.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sharpe E. S., Nickerson K. W., Bulla L. A., Jr, Aronson J. N. Separation of spores and parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis in gradients of certain x-ray contrasting agents. Appl Microbiol. 1975 Dec;30(6):1052–1053. doi: 10.1128/am.30.6.1052-1053.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Somerville H. J., Pockett H. V. An insect toxin from spores of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus. J Gen Microbiol. 1975 Apr;87(2):359–369. doi: 10.1099/00221287-87-2-359. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]