FSK-stimulated GnRH-1 neuronal activity. FSK (1 μm), activator of adenylyl cyclase, induced an increase in calcium oscillations (left panel). Histogram (right panel) shows average peaks per minute (± sem) during the three experimental periods. A significant and reversible increase in calcium peaks in the presence of FSK occurred (*, P < 0.05, Student’s paired t test; N = 3, n = 32). The lower panel shows gray level changes in intracellular calcium in 14 cells simultaneously recorded during the experimental paradigm (SFM-FSK-SFM). Each row represents changes in intracellular calcium in a single cell, and dots mark significant calcium peaks. Lines indicate the time for drug applications as shown on the single-cell trace.