Abstract
The biosynthesis of 4-keto and 4,4′-diketo carotenoids in Brevibacterium sp. KY-4313 was studied. Echinenone and canthaxanthin were isolated from the cultures grown on a medium containing several n-alkanes. When glutathione was added to the bacterial cultures, the formation of canthaxanthin was inhibited while β-carotene and its hydroxy derivatives accumulated. It is suggested that these 4-hydroxy compounds, isocryptoxanthin, isozeaxanthin, and 4-hydroxy-4′-keto-β-carotene, are intermediates in the biosynthesis of canthaxanthin. In the presence of 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)-triethylamine hydrochloride or nicotine, lycopene and neurosporene accumulated. The β-carotene level decreased slightly but β-zeacarotene remained unchanged. β-carotene and its derivatives were resynthesized upon removal of the inhibitors. It was concluded that cyclization can take place at either the neurosporene or lycopene level in Brevibacterium sp. KY-4313.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Davies B. H., Hsu W. J., Chichester C. O. The mechanism of the conversion of beta-carotene into canthaxanthin by the brine shrimp, Artemia salina L. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda). Comp Biochem Physiol. 1970 Apr 1;33(3):601–615. doi: 10.1016/0010-406x(70)90374-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FOX D. L. Carotenoids of the roseate spoonbill. Comp Biochem Physiol. 1962 Aug;6:305–310. doi: 10.1016/0010-406x(62)90134-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fox D. L., Hopkins T. S. Comparative metabolic fractionation of carotenoids in three flamingo species. Comp Biochem Physiol. 1966 Mar;17(3):841–856. doi: 10.1016/0010-406x(66)90125-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Herring P. J. The carotenoid pigments of Daphnia magna Straus. I. The pigments of animals fed . Chlorella pyrenoidosa and pure carotenoids. Comp Biochem Physiol. 1968 Jan;24(1):187–203. doi: 10.1016/0010-406x(68)90967-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hill H. M., Rogers L. J. Conversion of lycopene into beta-carotene by chloroplasts of higher plants. Biochem J. 1969 Jul;113(3):31P–32P. doi: 10.1042/bj1130031p. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Howes C. D., Batra P. P. Accumulation of lycopene and inhibition of cyclic carotenoids in Mycobacterium in the presence of nicotine. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1970 Oct 27;222(1):174–179. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(70)90362-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KRINSKY N. I. A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARTITION COEFFICIENTS OF CAROTENOIDS AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL GROUPS. Anal Biochem. 1963 Oct;6:293–302. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(63)90153-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SAPERSTEIN S., STARR M. P. The ketonic carotenoid canthaxanthin isolated from a colour mutant of Corynebacterium michiganense. Biochem J. 1954 Jun;57(2):273–275. doi: 10.1042/bj0570273. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SHNEOUR E. A. Carotenoid pigment conversion in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1962 Aug 27;62:534–540. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(62)90235-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SHNEOUR E. A. The source of oxygen in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides carotenoid pigment conversion. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1962 Dec 17;65:510–511. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(62)90455-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SIMPSON K. L., NAKAYAMA T. O., CHICHESTER C. O. BIOSYNTHESIS OF YEAST CAROTENOIDS. J Bacteriol. 1964 Dec;88:1688–1694. doi: 10.1128/jb.88.6.1688-1694.1964. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- THOMMEN H., WACKERNAGEL H. [Isolation and identification of canthaxanthin in the lesser flamingo (Phoenicolnaias minor)]. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1963 Feb 5;69:387–396. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(63)91271-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- YAMAMOTO H. Y., CHICHESTER C. O., NAKAYAMA T. O. Bio-synthetic origin of oxygen in the leaf xanthophylls. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1962 Mar;96:645–649. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(62)90350-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]