Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Bulletin of the World Health Organization logoLink to Bulletin of the World Health Organization
. 1973;48(4):381–396.

WHO collaborative studies on enterovirus reference antisera

Fourth report*

Joseph L Melnick, Bettylee Hampil
PMCID: PMC2481106  PMID: 4357975

Abstract

This paper summarizes the results of the fourth part of a comprehensive programme undertaken by the WHO International Reference Centre for Enteroviruses and other laboratories for the testing of enterovirus equine antisera prepared for long-term use as reference antisera. The studies were designed to appraise the specificity of the immune serum of horses inoculated with prototype enteroviruses (coxsackievirus types A2, 4, 8, 10, 11, 14-16, 18-21, and 24, and echoviruses E21, 27, 30, 31, and 33). Tests for neutralizing antibody were performed against the homologous viruses and against available regional homotypic strains. Heterotypic tests were performed against reoviruses 1-3, adenoviruses 1-31, and the entire series of enteroviruses (with the exception of enterovirus 68). The homologous geometric mean titre of the 5 echovirus antisera ranged from 3 000 to 10 000; the titre of 1 coxsackievirus antiserum (A24) was only about 400, but the titres of the others ranged from 1 500 to 14 000. All corresponding preinoculation sera were negative. Heterotypic antibody of significant titre was found in 4 antisera: E31 serum against E5 virus, CA8 serum against CA3 virus, CA13 serum against CA18 virus, and CA15 serum against CA2 virus. Information on other heterotypic antibody titres (where found) is recorded for guidance in the use of the sera. The results of homotypic tests with viruses isolated by the collaborating laboratories, though limited in number, were satisfactory.

Full text

PDF
381

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Hampil B., Melnick J. L. WHO collaborative studies on enterovirus reference antisera: second report. Bull World Health Organ. 1968;38(4):577–593. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Hampil B., Melnick J. L., Wallis C., Brown R. W., Braye E. T., Adams R. R., Jr Preparation of antiserum to enteroviruses in large animals. J Immunol. 1965 Nov;95(5):895–908. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. KAMITSUKA P. S., LOU T. Y., FABIYI A., WENNER H. A. PREPARATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF COXSACKIEVIRUS REFERENCE ANTISERA. I. FOR TWENTY-FOUR GROUP A VIRUSES. Am J Epidemiol. 1965 May;81:283–306. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120516. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. LIM K. A., BENYESH-MELNICK M. Typing of viruses by combinations of antiserum pools. Application to typing of enteroviruses (Coxsackie and ECHO). J Immunol. 1960 Mar;84:309–317. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. MIDULLA M., WALLIS C., MELNICK J. L. ENTEROVIRUS IMMUNIZING ANTIGENS IN THE FORM OF CATION-STABILIZED AND CONCENTRATED VIRUS PREPARATIONS. J Immunol. 1965 Jul;95:9–12. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Melnick J. L., Hampil B. WHO collaborative studies on enterovirus reference antisera. Third report. Bull World Health Organ. 1970;42(6):847–863. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Melnick J. L., Hampil B. WHO collaborative studies on enterovirus reference antisera. Bull World Health Organ. 1965;33(6):761–772. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Melnick J. L., Rennick V., Hampil B., Schmidt N. J., Ho H. H. Lyophilized combination pools of enterovirus equine antisera: preparation and test procedures for the identification of field strains of 42 enteroviruses. Bull World Health Organ. 1973;48(3):263–268. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. SCHMIDT N. J., GUENTHER R. W., LENNETTE E. H. Typing of ECHO virus isolates by immune serum pools. The "intersecting serum scheme". J Immunol. 1961 Nov;87:623–626. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Schmidt N. J., Lennette E. H. Antigenic variants of coxsackievirus type A24. Am J Epidemiol. 1970 Jan;91(1):99–109. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121117. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Schmidt N. J., Melnick J. L., Wenner H. A., Ho H. H., Burkhardt M. A. Evaluation of enterovirus immune horse serum pools for identification of virus field strains. Bull World Health Organ. 1971;45(3):317–330. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Wallis C., Melnick J. L. Virus aggregation as the cause of the non-neutralizable persistent fraction. J Virol. 1967 Jun;1(3):478–488. doi: 10.1128/jvi.1.3.478-488.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Bulletin of the World Health Organization are provided here courtesy of World Health Organization

RESOURCES