Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1970 Dec;104(3):1035–1044. doi: 10.1128/jb.104.3.1035-1044.1970

Cell Walls of Pseudomonas Species Sensitive to Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid

S G Wilkinson 1
PMCID: PMC248259  PMID: 16559075

Abstract

Cell walls of 12 pseudomonads considered to be sensitive to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were prepared and analyzed. The wall of each species contained protein, peptidoglycan, loosely bound lipid, and lipopolysaccharide. The walls of Pseudomonas stutzeri and P. syncyanea were unusually susceptible to mechanical disintegration. The wall of P. syncyanea had an unusually high content of lipid and low contents of protein and peptidoglycan. Except for P. syncyanea, all the walls contained less phosphorus than the walls of the highly EDTA-sensitive P. aeruginosa and P. alcaligenes, but more than the walls of EDTA-resistant pseudomonads. The amino acid compositions of wall proteins were similar for all species. Amino sugars detected were glucosamine, galactosamine, muramic acid, and at least five unidentified components (possibly including fucosamine and quinovosamine). Glucose and rhamnose were the major neutral sugars in most walls. Galactose, mannose, fucose, and ribose were also detected, the last two each in a single species. Except for P. stutzeri and P. syncyanea, the walls had rather low contents of phospholipids (mainly cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol in all species). An ornithine-containing nonphospholipid was present in all walls, and a hexuronosyldiglyceride was probably present in most walls. The fatty acid compositions of loosely bound lipids were qualitatively similar for all species: saturated C16 and monoenoic C16 and C18 acids were the major components. Except for P. aureofaciens, the extraction of phosphorus on treatment of walls with EDTA at pH 9.2 was much less than for P. aeruginosa and P. alcaligenes.

Full text

PDF
1035

Images in this article

1040Image
on p.1040
1040Image
on p.1040

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. BERGH A. K., WEBB S. J., MCARTHUR C. S. BACTERIAL LIPIDS AND THE GRAM STAINING REACTION. Can J Biochem. 1964 Aug;42:1141–1151. doi: 10.1139/o64-123. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bobo R. A., Eagon R. G. Lipids of cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Brucella abortus. Can J Microbiol. 1968 May;14(5):503–513. doi: 10.1139/m68-086. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brown M. R., Melling J. Loss of sensitivity to EDTA by Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown under conditions of Mg-limitation. J Gen Microbiol. 1968 Dec;54(3):439–444. doi: 10.1099/00221287-54-3-439. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cho K. Y., Salton M. R. Fatty acid composition of bacterial membrane and wall lipids. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1966 Feb 1;116(1):73–79. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(66)90093-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Christie W. W., Holman R. T. Mass spectrometry of lipids. I. Cyclopropane fatty acid esters. Lipids. 1966 May;1(3):176–182. doi: 10.1007/BF02531869. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Clarke K., Gray G. W., Reaveley D. A. The cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. General composition. Biochem J. 1967 Nov;105(2):749–754. doi: 10.1042/bj1050749. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Clarke K., Gray G. W., Reaveley D. A. The extraction of cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with aqueous phenol. Material from the phenol layer. Biochem J. 1967 Nov;105(2):755–758. doi: 10.1042/bj1050755. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cox S. T., Jr, Eagon R. G. Action of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane, and lysozyme on cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Can J Microbiol. 1968 Aug;14(8):913–922. doi: 10.1139/m68-153. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. DAVIES D. A. The identification of aldoheptose sugars. Biochem J. 1957 Oct;67(2):253–256. doi: 10.1042/bj0670253. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Depinto J. A. Ornithine-containing lipid in Rhodospirillum rubrum. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1967 Aug 8;144(1):113–117. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(67)90082-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. EAGON R. G., CARSON K. J. LYSIS OF CELL WALLS AND INTACT CELLS OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA BY ETHYLENEDIAMINE TETRAACETIC ACID AND BY LYSOZYME. Can J Microbiol. 1965 Apr;11:193–201. doi: 10.1139/m65-025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. FEW A. V. The interaction of polymyxin E with bacterial and other lipids. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1955 Jan;16(1):137–145. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(55)90191-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. FOLCH J., LEES M., SLOANE STANLEY G. H. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 1957 May;226(1):497–509. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Fensom A. H., Gray G. W. The chemical composition of the lipopolyacarideof Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochem J. 1969 Sep;114(2):185–196. doi: 10.1042/bj1140185. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Fuleki T., Francis F. J. A new developing solvent for paper chromatography of various phenolic compounds, sugars and amino acids. J Chromatogr. 1967 Feb;26(2):404–411. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)98897-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Gorchein A. Studies on the structure of an ornithine-containing lipid from non-sulphur purple bacteria. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1968 Mar 4;152(2):358–367. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(68)90044-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Gordon R. C., MacLeod R. A. MG++ phospholipids in cell envelopes of a marine and a terrestrial pseudomonad. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1966 Sep 8;24(5):684–690. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(66)90378-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Gray G. W., Wilkinson S. G. The effect of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid on the cell walls of some gram-negative bacteria. J Gen Microbiol. 1965 Jun;39(3):385–399. doi: 10.1099/00221287-39-3-385. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. HOMMA J. Y., HAMAMURA N., NAOI M., EGAMI F. Recherches chimiques sur l'endotoxine de Pseudomonas aeruginosa. II. Bull Soc Chim Biol (Paris) 1958 Jun 9;40(4):647–664. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. HOUTSMULLER U. M., van DEENEN L. Identification of a bacterial phospholipid as an O-ornithine ester of phosphatidyl glycerol. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1963 Apr 23;70:211–213. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(63)90743-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Hancock I. C., Humphreys G. O., Meadow P. M. Characterisation of the hydroxy acids of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8602. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1970 Mar 10;202(2):389–391. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(70)90204-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Hancock I. C., Humphreys G. O., Meadow P. M. The hydroxy acids of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8602. Biochem J. 1969 Jul;113(3):30P–30P. doi: 10.1042/bj1130030pa. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Hancock I. C., Meadow P. M. The extractable lipids of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969 Oct 28;187(3):366–379. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(69)90010-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Ikawa M. Bacterial phosphatides and natural relationships. Bacteriol Rev. 1967 Mar;31(1):54–64. doi: 10.1128/br.31.1.54-64.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Kawanami J., Kimura A., Otsuka H. Siolipin A: A new lipoamino acid ester isolated from Streptomyces sioyaensis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1968 Jul 1;152(4):808–810. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Kawanami J., Otsuka H. Lipids of streptomyces sioyaensis. VI. On the beta-hydroxy fatty acids in siolipin. Chem Phys Lipids. 1969 Apr;3(2):135–139. doi: 10.1016/0009-3084(69)90003-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Key B. A., Gray G. W., Wilkinson S. G. The effect of ethylenediaminetetra-acetate on Pseudomonas alcaligenes and the composition of the bacterial cell wall. Biochem J. 1970 May;117(4):721–732. doi: 10.1042/bj1170721. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. LANEELLE M. A., LANEELLE G., ASSELINEAU J. [On the presence of ornithine in bacterial lipids]. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1963 Feb 19;70:99–101. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(63)90727-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. MACGREGOR D. R., ELLIKER P. R. A comparison of some properties of strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitive and resistant to quaternary ammonium compounds. Can J Microbiol. 1958 Oct;4(5):499–503. doi: 10.1139/m58-054. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. MORRISON W. R., SMITH L. M. PREPARATION OF FATTY ACID METHYL ESTERS AND DIMETHYLACETALS FROM LIPIDS WITH BORON FLUORIDE--METHANOL. J Lipid Res. 1964 Oct;5:600–608. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Phizackerley P. J., MacDougall J. C., Francis M. J. Phosphatidylglycerylglucosamine. Biochem J. 1966 Jun;99(3):21C–22C. doi: 10.1042/bj0990021c. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Phizackerley P. J., MacDougall J. C. Isomers of glucosaminylphosphatidylglycerol. Biochem J. 1968 Dec;110(4):57P–57P. doi: 10.1042/bj1100057p. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Randle C. L., Albro P. W., Dittmer J. C. The phosphoglyceride composition of Gram-negative bacteria and the changes in composition during growth. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969;187(2):214–220. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(69)90030-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Roberts N. A., Gray G. W., Wilkinson S. G. Release of lipopolysaccharide during the preparation of cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1967;135(5):1068–1071. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(67)90079-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Rogers S. W., Gilleland H. E., Jr, Eagon R. G. Characterization of a protein-lipopolysaccharide complex released from cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Can J Microbiol. 1969 Jul;15(7):743–748. doi: 10.1139/m69-130. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Romero E. M., Brenner R. R. Fatty acids synthesized from hexadecane by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol. 1966 Jan;91(1):183–188. doi: 10.1128/jb.91.1.183-188.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Romero E. M., Brenner R. R. The phosphatidyl ethanolamine ofPseudomonas aeruginosa grown in hexadecane. Lipids. 1968 Sep;3(5):460–462. doi: 10.1007/BF02531292. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. SINHA D. B., GABY W. L. STRUCTURAL COMPOSITION OF POLAR LIPID-AMINO ACID COMPLEX IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA. J Biol Chem. 1964 Nov;239:3668–3673. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Shively J. M., Knoche H. W. Isolation of an ornithine-containing lipid from Thiobacillus thiooxidans. J Bacteriol. 1969 May;98(2):829–830. doi: 10.1128/jb.98.2.829-830.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Stanier R. Y., Palleroni N. J., Doudoroff M. The aerobic pseudomonads: a taxonomic study. J Gen Microbiol. 1966 May;43(2):159–271. doi: 10.1099/00221287-43-2-159. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Suzuki N. Isolation of DL-fucosamine from Pseudomonas aeruginosa N10. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969 Apr 1;177(2):371–373. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(69)90154-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Wilkinson S. G. Glycosyl diglycerides from Pseudomonas rubescens. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1968 Oct 22;164(2):148–156. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(68)90141-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Wilkinson S. G. Lipids of Pseudomonas diminuta. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969 Dec 17;187(4):492–500. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(69)90046-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Wilkinson S. G. Studies on the cell walls of pseudomonas species resistant to ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid. J Gen Microbiol. 1968 Dec;54(2):195–213. doi: 10.1099/00221287-54-2-195. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Wilkinson S. G. The sensitivity of pseudomonads to ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid. J Gen Microbiol. 1967 Apr;47(1):67–76. doi: 10.1099/00221287-47-1-67. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES