Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Bulletin of the World Health Organization logoLink to Bulletin of the World Health Organization
. 1994;72(5):729–735.

In-vitro tests on Philippine isolates of Plasmodium falciparum against four standard antimalarials and four qinghaosu derivatives.

M D Bustos 1, F Gay 1, B Diquet 1
PMCID: PMC2486549  PMID: 7955021

Abstract

In-vitro drug sensitivity tests were performed on Philippine isolates of Plasmodium falciparum between 1991 and 1993, using the radioisotope microdilution method. The success of the tests varied significantly with the level of parasitaemia, the source of the strains, the period that elapsed before culturing, and the detectable concentrations of antimalarials in the blood. There was a significant positive correlation between the IC50 values for chloroquine and artesunate and the level of chloroquine in the blood before testing. In the Philippines the sensitivity profiles of the standard antimalarials (chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine, and halofantrine) were less severe than those in other south-east Asian countries. Fairly low IC50 values were obtained for the qinghaosu derivatives artemisinin, artemether, arteether and artesunate. There was a positive correlation between quinine, mefloquine, halofantrine and some of the qinghaosu derivatives, and between the qinghaosu compounds themselves, raising the possibility of either cross-resistance or possible drug associations.

Full text

PDF
729

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bunnag D., Viravan C., Looareesuwan S., Karbwang J., Harinasuta T. Clinical trial of artesunate and artemether on multidrug resistant falciparum malaria in Thailand. A preliminary report. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1991 Sep;22(3):380–385. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Chawira A. N., Warhurst D. C., Robinson B. L., Peters W. The effect of combinations of qinghaosu (artemisinin) with standard antimalarial drugs in the suppressive treatment of malaria in mice. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1987;81(4):554–558. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(87)90404-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Doury J. C., Ringwald P., Guelain J., Le Bras J. Susceptibility of African isolates of Plasmodium falciparum to artemisinin (qinghaosu). Trop Med Parasitol. 1992 Sep;43(3):197–198. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Gay F., Bustos D. G., Diquet B., Rojas Rivero L., Litaudon M., Pichet C., Danis M., Gentilini M. Cross-resistance between mefloquine and halofantrine. Lancet. 1990 Nov 17;336(8725):1262–1262. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)92884-k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Jiang J. B., Li G. Q., Guo X. B., Kong Y. C., Arnold K. Antimalarial activity of mefloquine and qinghaosu. Lancet. 1982 Aug 7;2(8293):285–288. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(82)90268-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Oduola A. M., Milhous W. K., Weatherly N. F., Bowdre J. H., Desjardins R. E. Plasmodium falciparum: induction of resistance to mefloquine in cloned strains by continuous drug exposure in vitro. Exp Parasitol. 1988 Dec;67(2):354–360. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(88)90082-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Rojas-Rivero L., Gay F., Bustos M. D., Ciceron L., Pichet C., Danis M., Gentilini M. Mefloquine-halofantrine cross-resistance in Plasmodium falciparum induced by intermittent mefloquine pressure. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992 Sep;47(3):372–377. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1992.47.372. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Salazar N. P., Miranda M. E., Santos M. N., de las Llagas L. A. The malaria situation in the Philippines with special reference to mosquito vectors. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1988 Dec;19(4):709–712. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Shute G. T., Ray A. P., Sangalang R. Preliminary studies on a Philippine strain of Plasmodium falciparum resistant to amodiaquine. J Trop Med Hyg. 1972 Jul;75(7):125–132. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Smrkovski L. L., Buck R. L., Alcantara A. K., Rodriguez C. S., Uylance C. V. In vitro mefloquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum from the Philippines. Lancet. 1982 Aug 7;2(8293):322–322. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(82)90285-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Smrkovski L. L., Buck R. L., Alcantara A. K., Rodriguez C. S., Uylangco C. V. Studies of resistance to chloroquine, quinine, amodiaquine and mefloquine among Philippine strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1985;79(1):37–41. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(85)90228-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Suebsaeng L., Wernsdorfer W. H., Rooney W. Sensitivity to quinine and mefloquine of Plasmodium falciparum in Thailand. Bull World Health Organ. 1986;64(5):759–765. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Thaithong S., Beale G. H. Susceptibility of Thai isolates of Plasmodium falciparum to artemisinine (qinghaosu) and artemether. Bull World Health Organ. 1985;63(3):617–619. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Webster H. K., Boudreau E. F., Pavanand K., Yongvanitchit K., Pang L. W. Antimalarial drug susceptibility testing of Plasmodium falciparum in Thailand using a microdilution radioisotope method. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1985 Mar;34(2):228–235. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.228. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Wernsdorfer W. H., Kouznetsov R. L. Drug-resistant malaria--occurrence, control, and surveillance. Bull World Health Organ. 1980;58(3):341–352. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Bulletin of the World Health Organization are provided here courtesy of World Health Organization

RESOURCES