Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1990 Dec;64(12):6355–6359. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.12.6355-6359.1990

naf, a trans-regulating negative-acting factor encoded within the mouse mammary tumor virus open reading frame region.

B Salmons 1, V Erfle 1, G Brem 1, W H Günzburg 1
PMCID: PMC248820  PMID: 2173798

Abstract

The mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) long terminal repeat (LTR) open reading frame (ORF) encodes a negative acting factor (naf). In our test system, naf mediates its effect in trans on another MMTV provirus in which the 5' LTR has been replaced by that of Rous sarcoma virus. naf effects are evidenced at the level of transcriptional initiation rather than as reduced mRNA stability. The introduction of a premature termination codon into the MMTV LTR-encoded ORF abolishes the transcriptional down regulation localizing naf within the ORF. In addition, sequences in the gag/pol genes between +320 and +646 and between +3626 and +4590 relative to the site of transcription initiation are also involved in the MMTV-mediated transcriptional down regulation.

Full text

PDF
6355

Images in this article

6357Image
on p.6357
6357Image
on p.6357
6357Image
on p.6357

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Berk A. J., Sharp P. A. Sizing and mapping of early adenovirus mRNAs by gel electrophoresis of S1 endonuclease-digested hybrids. Cell. 1977 Nov;12(3):721–732. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90272-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Broome S., Gilbert W. Rous sarcoma virus encodes a transcriptional activator. Cell. 1985 Mar;40(3):537–546. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90202-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Derse D. trans-acting regulation of bovine leukemia virus mRNA processing. J Virol. 1988 Apr;62(4):1115–1119. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.4.1115-1119.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dickson C. Molecular aspects of mouse mammary tumor virus biology. Int Rev Cytol. 1987;108:119–147. doi: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61437-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dickson C., Peters G. Protein-coding potential of mouse mammary tumor virus genome RNA as examined by in vitro translation. J Virol. 1981 Jan;37(1):36–47. doi: 10.1128/jvi.37.1.36-47.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dickson C., Smith R., Peters G. In vitro synthesis of polypeptides encoded by the long terminal repeat region of mouse mammary tumour virus DNA. Nature. 1981 Jun 11;291(5815):511–513. doi: 10.1038/291511a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Donehower L. A., Huang A. L., Hager G. L. Regulatory and coding potential of the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal redundancy. J Virol. 1981 Jan;37(1):226–238. doi: 10.1128/jvi.37.1.226-238.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Günzburg W. H., Salmons B. Mouse mammary tumor virus mediated transfer and expression of neomycin resistance to infected cultured cells. Virology. 1986 Nov;155(1):236–248. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90183-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hopp T. P., Woods K. R. Prediction of protein antigenic determinants from amino acid sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jun;78(6):3824–3828. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.6.3824. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Katoh I., Yoshinaka Y., Ikawa Y. Bovine leukemia virus trans-activator p38tax activates heterologous promoters with a common sequence known as a cAMP-responsive element or the binding site of a cellular transcription factor ATF. EMBO J. 1989 Feb;8(2):497–503. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03403.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kennedy N., Knedlitschek G., Groner B., Hynes N. E., Herrlich P., Michalides R., van Ooyen A. J. Long terminal repeats of endogenous mouse mammary tumour virus contain a long open reading frame which extends into adjacent sequences. Nature. 1982 Feb 18;295(5850):622–624. doi: 10.1038/295622a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Luciw P. A., Cheng-Mayer C., Levy J. A. Mutational analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus: the orf-B region down-regulates virus replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(5):1434–1438. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.5.1434. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Racevskis J., Prakash O. Proteins encoded by the long terminal repeat region of mouse mammary tumor virus: identification by hybrid-selected translation. J Virol. 1984 Sep;51(3):604–610. doi: 10.1128/jvi.51.3.604-610.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Salmons B., Groner B., Calberg-Bacq C. M., Ponta H. Production of mouse mammary tumor virus upon transfection of a recombinant proviral DNA into cultured cells. Virology. 1985 Jul 15;144(1):101–114. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90309-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Salmons B., Günzburg W. H. Current perspectives in the biology of mouse mammary tumour virus. Virus Res. 1987 Aug;8(2):81–102. doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(87)90022-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Salmons B., Moritz-Legrand S., Garcha I., Günzburg W. H. Construction and characterization of a packaging cell line for MMTV-based conditional retroviral vectors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Mar 31;159(3):1191–1198. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)92236-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Sen G. C., Racevskis J., Sarkar N. H. Synthesis of murine mammary tumor viral proteins in vitro. J Virol. 1981 Mar;37(3):963–975. doi: 10.1128/jvi.37.3.963-975.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Wheeler D. A., Butel J. S., Medina D., Cardiff R. D., Hager G. L. Transcription of mouse mammary tumor virus: identification of a candidate mRNA for the long terminal repeat gene product. J Virol. 1983 Apr;46(1):42–49. doi: 10.1128/jvi.46.1.42-49.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Willems L., Gegonne A., Chen G., Burny A., Kettmann R., Ghysdael J. The bovine leukemia virus p34 is a transactivator protein. EMBO J. 1987 Nov;6(11):3385–3389. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02661.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. van Klaveren P., Bentvelzen P. Transactivating potential of the 3' open reading frame of murine mammary tumor virus. J Virol. 1988 Nov;62(11):4410–4413. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.11.4410-4413.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. van Ooyen A. J., Michalides R. J., Nusse R. Structural analysis of a 1.7-kilobase mouse mammary tumor virus-specific RNA. J Virol. 1983 May;46(2):362–370. doi: 10.1128/jvi.46.2.362-370.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES