Skip to main content
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1991 Sep;65(9):4670–4680. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.9.4670-4680.1991

Characterization of the DNA polymerase gene of human herpesvirus 6.

I A Teo 1, B E Griffin 1, M D Jones 1
PMCID: PMC248922  PMID: 1651403

Abstract

The construction of a recombinant bacteriophage lambda library containing overlapping clones covering 155 kbp of the 161-kbp genome of the Ugandan U1102 isolate of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is described. The use of degenerate-primer polymerase chain reaction allowed the isolation of a DNA probe for the DNA polymerase gene of HHV-6, which was subsequently used to isolate and position the pol gene on the physical map of the viral genome. A 4.4-kbp EcoRI DNA restriction fragment containing the pol gene was isolated and sequenced. The open reading frames flanking the pol gene code for the HHV-6 glycoprotein B gene and the human cytomegalovirus UL53 homolog. This arrangement is different from that seen in the alpha and gamma herpesvirus families, lending further support to the notion that HHV-6 is a member of the beta herpesvirus group.

Full text

PDF
4670

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Agut H., Guetard D., Collandre H., Dauguet C., Montagnier L., Miclea J. M., Baurmann H., Gessain A. Concomitant infection by human herpesvirus 6, HTLV-I, and HIV-2. Lancet. 1988 Mar 26;1(8587):712–712. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)91520-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Allday M. J., Jones M. D. Rapid processing of nitrocellulose filter lifts of bacteriophage lambda libraries. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Dec 23;15(24):10592–10592. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.24.10592. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Anderson S. Shotgun DNA sequencing using cloned DNase I-generated fragments. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jul 10;9(13):3015–3027. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.13.3015. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Asano Y., Yoshikawa T., Suga S., Yazaki T., Hirabayashi S., Ono Y., Tsuzuki K., Oshima S. Human herpesvirus 6 harbouring in kidney. Lancet. 1989 Dec 9;2(8676):1391–1391. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91993-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Baer R., Bankier A. T., Biggin M. D., Deininger P. L., Farrell P. J., Gibson T. J., Hatfull G., Hudson G. S., Satchwell S. C., Séguin C. DNA sequence and expression of the B95-8 Epstein-Barr virus genome. Nature. 1984 Jul 19;310(5974):207–211. doi: 10.1038/310207a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bankier A. T., Weston K. M., Barrell B. G. Random cloning and sequencing by the M13/dideoxynucleotide chain termination method. Methods Enzymol. 1987;155:51–93. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)55009-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Barton G. J., Sternberg M. J. A strategy for the rapid multiple alignment of protein sequences. Confidence levels from tertiary structure comparisons. J Mol Biol. 1987 Nov 20;198(2):327–337. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90316-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Barton G. J., Sternberg M. J. Evaluation and improvements in the automatic alignment of protein sequences. Protein Eng. 1987 Feb-Mar;1(2):89–94. doi: 10.1093/protein/1.2.89. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Burns W. H., Sandford G. R. Susceptibility of human herpesvirus 6 to antivirals in vitro. J Infect Dis. 1990 Sep;162(3):634–637. doi: 10.1093/infdis/162.3.634. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Corpet F. Multiple sequence alignment with hierarchical clustering. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Nov 25;16(22):10881–10890. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.22.10881. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Davison A. J., Scott J. E. DNA sequence of the major capsid protein gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Gen Virol. 1986 Oct;67(Pt 10):2279–2286. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-67-10-2279. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Dorsky D. I., Crumpacker C. S. Expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase gene by in vitro translation and effects of gene deletions on activity. J Virol. 1988 Sep;62(9):3224–3232. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.9.3224-3232.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Dorsky D. I., Crumpacker C. S. Site-specific mutagenesis of a highly conserved region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase gene. J Virol. 1990 Mar;64(3):1394–1397. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.3.1394-1397.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Downing R. G., Sewankambo N., Serwadda D., Honess R., Crawford D., Jarrett R., Griffin B. E. Isolation of human lymphotropic herpesviruses from Uganda. Lancet. 1987 Aug 15;2(8555):390–390. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(87)92403-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Earl P. L., Jones E. V., Moss B. Homology between DNA polymerases of poxviruses, herpesviruses, and adenoviruses: nucleotide sequence of the vaccinia virus DNA polymerase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(11):3659–3663. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.11.3659. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Efstathiou S., Gompels U. A., Craxton M. A., Honess R. W., Ward K. DNA homology between a novel human herpesvirus (HHV-6) and human cytomegalovirus. Lancet. 1988 Jan 2;1(8575-6):63–64. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)91049-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Ensoli B., Lusso P., Schachter F., Josephs S. F., Rappaport J., Negro F., Gallo R. C., Wong-Staal F. Human herpes virus-6 increases HIV-1 expression in co-infected T cells via nuclear factors binding to the HIV-1 enhancer. EMBO J. 1989 Oct;8(10):3019–3027. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08452.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. "A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity". Addendum. Anal Biochem. 1984 Feb;137(1):266–267. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90381-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Fox J. D., Briggs M., Ward P. A., Tedder R. S. Human herpesvirus 6 in salivary glands. Lancet. 1990 Sep 8;336(8715):590–593. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)93392-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Frenkel N., Schirmer E. C., Wyatt L. S., Katsafanas G., Roffman E., Danovich R. M., June C. H. Isolation of a new herpesvirus from human CD4+ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(2):748–752. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.2.748. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Gopal M. R., Thomson B. J., Fox J., Tedder R. S., Honess R. W. Detection by PCR of HHV-6 and EBV DNA in blood and oropharynx of healthy adults and HIV-seropositives. Lancet. 1990 Jun 30;335(8705):1598–1599. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91433-b. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Haffey M. L., Stevens J. T., Terry B. J., Dorsky D. I., Crumpacker C. S., Wietstock S. M., Ruyechan W. T., Field A. K. Expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and detection of virus-specific enzyme activity in cell-free lysates. J Virol. 1988 Dec;62(12):4493–4498. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.12.4493-4498.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Hall J. D. Modeling functional sites in DNA polymerases. Trends Genet. 1988 Feb;4(2):42–46. doi: 10.1016/0168-9525(88)90065-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Horvat R. T., Wood C., Balachandran N. Transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus promoter by human herpesvirus 6. J Virol. 1989 Feb;63(2):970–973. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.2.970-973.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Huang L. M., Lee C. Y., Lin K. H., Chuu W. M., Lee P. I., Chen R. L., Chen J. M., Lin D. T. Human herpesvirus-6 associated with fatal haemophagocytic syndrome. Lancet. 1990 Jul 7;336(8706):60–61. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91580-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Jarrett R. F., Gallagher A., Gledhill S., Jones M. D., Teo I., Griffin B. E. Variation in restriction map of MHV-6 genome. Lancet. 1989 Feb 25;1(8635):448–449. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90052-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Jarrett R. F., Gledhill S., Qureshi F., Crae S. H., Madhok R., Brown I., Evans I., Krajewski A., O'Brien C. J., Cartwright R. A. Identification of human herpesvirus 6-specific DNA sequences in two patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Leukemia. 1988 Aug;2(8):496–502. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Josephs S. F., Buchbinder A., Streicher H. Z., Ablashi D. V., Salahuddin S. Z., Guo H. G., Wong-Staal F., Cossman J., Raffeld M., Sundeen J. Detection of human B-lymphotropic virus (human herpesvirus 6) sequences in B cell lymphoma tissues of three patients. Leukemia. 1988 Mar;2(3):132–135. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Josephs S. F., Salahuddin S. Z., Ablashi D. V., Schachter F., Wong-Staal F., Gallo R. C. Genomic analysis of the human B-lymphotropic virus (HBLV). Science. 1986 Oct 31;234(4776):601–603. doi: 10.1126/science.3020691. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Knowles W. A., Gardner S. D. High prevalence of antibody to human herpesvirus-6 and seroconversion associated with rash in two infants. Lancet. 1988 Oct 15;2(8616):912–913. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92522-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Kouzarides T., Bankier A. T., Satchwell S. C., Weston K., Tomlinson P., Barrell B. G. Large-scale rearrangement of homologous regions in the genomes of HCMV and EBV. Virology. 1987 Apr;157(2):397–413. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90282-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Larder B. A., Kemp S. D., Darby G. Related functional domains in virus DNA polymerases. EMBO J. 1987 Jan;6(1):169–175. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04735.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Lawrence G. L., Chee M., Craxton M. A., Gompels U. A., Honess R. W., Barrell B. G. Human herpesvirus 6 is closely related to human cytomegalovirus. J Virol. 1990 Jan;64(1):287–299. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.1.287-299.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Levy J. A., Ferro F., Greenspan D., Lennette E. T. Frequent isolation of HHV-6 from saliva and high seroprevalence of the virus in the population. Lancet. 1990 May 5;335(8697):1047–1050. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)92628-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Levy J. A., Ferro F., Lennette E. T., Oshiro L., Poulin L. Characterization of a new strain of HHV-6 (HHV-6SF) recovered from the saliva of an HIV-infected individual. Virology. 1990 Sep;178(1):113–121. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90384-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Lipman D. J., Pearson W. R. Rapid and sensitive protein similarity searches. Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1435–1441. doi: 10.1126/science.2983426. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Lusso P., Ensoli B., Markham P. D., Ablashi D. V., Salahuddin S. Z., Tschachler E., Wong-Staal F., Gallo R. C. Productive dual infection of human CD4+ T lymphocytes by HIV-1 and HHV-6. Nature. 1989 Jan 26;337(6205):370–373. doi: 10.1038/337370a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Martin M. E., Thomson B. J., Honess R. W., Craxton M. A., Gompels U. A., Liu M. Y., Littler E., Arrand J. R., Teo I., Jones M. D. The genome of human herpesvirus 6: maps of unit-length and concatemeric genomes for nine restriction endonucleases. J Gen Virol. 1991 Jan;72(Pt 1):157–168. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-72-1-157. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. McGeoch D. J., Dalrymple M. A., Davison A. J., Dolan A., Frame M. C., McNab D., Perry L. J., Scott J. E., Taylor P. The complete DNA sequence of the long unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Gen Virol. 1988 Jul;69(Pt 7):1531–1574. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-69-7-1531. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Niederman J. C., Liu C. R., Kaplan M. H., Brown N. A. Clinical and serological features of human herpesvirus-6 infection in three adults. Lancet. 1988 Oct 8;2(8615):817–819. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92783-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Nunberg J. H., Wright D. K., Cole G. E., Petrovskis E. A., Post L. E., Compton T., Gilbert J. H. Identification of the thymidine kinase gene of feline herpesvirus: use of degenerate oligonucleotides in the polymerase chain reaction to isolate herpesvirus gene homologs. J Virol. 1989 Aug;63(8):3240–3249. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.8.3240-3249.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Pellett P. E., Kousoulas K. G., Pereira L., Roizman B. Anatomy of the herpes simplex virus 1 strain F glycoprotein B gene: primary sequence and predicted protein structure of the wild type and of monoclonal antibody-resistant mutants. J Virol. 1985 Jan;53(1):243–253. doi: 10.1128/jvi.53.1.243-253.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Pietroboni G. R., Harnett G. B., Bucens M. R., Honess R. W. Isolation of human herpesvirus 6 from saliva. Lancet. 1988 May 7;1(8593):1059–1059. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)91884-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Pustell J. M. Interactive molecular biology computing. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Mar 11;16(5):1813–1820. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.5.1813. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Pustell J., Kafatos F. C. A convenient and adaptable microcomputer environment for DNA and protein sequence manipulation and analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Jan 10;14(1):479–488. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.1.479. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Razzaque A. Oncogenic potential of human herpesvirus-6 DNA. Oncogene. 1990 Sep;5(9):1365–1370. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Salahuddin S. Z., Ablashi D. V., Markham P. D., Josephs S. F., Sturzenegger S., Kaplan M., Halligan G., Biberfeld P., Wong-Staal F., Kramarsky B. Isolation of a new virus, HBLV, in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Science. 1986 Oct 31;234(4776):596–601. doi: 10.1126/science.2876520. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Sanger F., Coulson A. R., Hong G. F., Hill D. F., Petersen G. B. Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage lambda DNA. J Mol Biol. 1982 Dec 25;162(4):729–773. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90546-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Spaete R. R., Thayer R. M., Probert W. S., Masiarz F. R., Chamberlain S. H., Rasmussen L., Merigan T. C., Pachl C. Human cytomegalovirus strain Towne glycoprotein B is processed by proteolytic cleavage. Virology. 1988 Nov;167(1):207–225. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90071-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Spicer E. K., Rush J., Fung C., Reha-Krantz L. J., Karam J. D., Konigsberg W. H. Primary structure of T4 DNA polymerase. Evolutionary relatedness to eucaryotic and other procaryotic DNA polymerases. J Biol Chem. 1988 Jun 5;263(16):7478–7486. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Tedder R. S., Briggs M., Cameron C. H., Honess R., Robertson D., Whittle H. A novel lymphotropic herpesvirus. Lancet. 1987 Aug 15;2(8555):390–392. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(87)92404-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Tsai C. H., Williams M. V., Glaser R. A monoclonal antibody that neutralizes Epstein-Barr virus, human cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6, and bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Oct;87(20):7963–7967. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.20.7963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Ward K. N., Gray J. J., Efstathiou S. Brief report: primary human herpesvirus 6 infection in a patient following liver transplantation from a seropositive donor. J Med Virol. 1989 Jun;28(2):69–72. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890280203. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Wong S. W., Wahl A. F., Yuan P. M., Arai N., Pearson B. E., Arai K., Korn D., Hunkapiller M. W., Wang T. S. Human DNA polymerase alpha gene expression is cell proliferation dependent and its primary structure is similar to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic replicative DNA polymerases. EMBO J. 1988 Jan;7(1):37–47. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02781.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Wrzos H., Gibbons J., Abt P. L., Gifford R. R., Yang H. C. Human herpesvirus 6 in monocytes of transplant patients. Lancet. 1990 Feb 24;335(8687):486–487. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90729-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Yamanishi K., Okuno T., Shiraki K., Takahashi M., Kondo T., Asano Y., Kurata T. Identification of human herpesvirus-6 as a causal agent for exanthem subitum. Lancet. 1988 May 14;1(8594):1065–1067. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)91893-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES