Abstract
Polyethylene glycol was used to induce polykaryon formation among U-937 cell subclones carrying defective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 proviral DNA. Fusion of cells which produced gp120-defective virions (UHC15.7) with cells unable to generate reverse transcriptase (RT) activity (UHC8 and UHC18) yielded polykaryons which made infectious viral progeny that showed normal protein profiles. Southern blot analysis of proviral DNA of cells infected with such fusion-derived virus revealed a restriction map identical to that of cells harboring infectious parental-type HIV type 1 (U-937/UHC1). These results suggest that repair mechanisms involving genetic recombination(s) play a role in the generation of infectious virus after fusion of cells which harbor defective HIV.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Ashorn P., McQuade T. J., Thaisrivongs S., Tomasselli A. G., Tarpley W. G., Moss B. An inhibitor of the protease blocks maturation of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses and spread of infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Oct;87(19):7472–7476. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.19.7472. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Aziz D. C., Hanna Z., Jolicoeur P. Severe immunodeficiency disease induced by a defective murine leukaemia virus. Nature. 1989 Apr 6;338(6215):505–508. doi: 10.1038/338505a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Balachandran R., Thampatty P., Enrico A., Rinaldo C., Gupta P. Human immunodeficiency virus isolates from asymptomatic homosexual men and from AIDS patients have distinct biologic and genetic properties. Virology. 1991 Jan;180(1):229–238. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90027-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boulerice F., Bour S., Geleziunas R., Lvovich A., Wainberg M. A. High frequency of isolation of defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and heterogeneity of viral gene expression in clones of infected U-937 cells. J Virol. 1990 Apr;64(4):1745–1755. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.4.1745-1755.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cheng-Mayer C., Seto D., Tateno M., Levy J. A. Biologic features of HIV-1 that correlate with virulence in the host. Science. 1988 Apr 1;240(4848):80–82. doi: 10.1126/science.2832945. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cheung S. C., Chattopadhyay S. K., Morse H. C., 3rd, Pitha P. M. Expression of defective virus and cytokine genes in murine AIDS. J Virol. 1991 Feb;65(2):823–828. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.2.823-828.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Clavel F., Hoggan M. D., Willey R. L., Strebel K., Martin M. A., Repaske R. Genetic recombination of human immunodeficiency virus. J Virol. 1989 Mar;63(3):1455–1459. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.3.1455-1459.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dalgleish A. G., Beverley P. C., Clapham P. R., Crawford D. H., Greaves M. F., Weiss R. A. The CD4 (T4) antigen is an essential component of the receptor for the AIDS retrovirus. Nature. 1984 Dec 20;312(5996):763–767. doi: 10.1038/312763a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gendelman H. E., Theodore T. S., Willey R., McCoy J., Adachi A., Mervis R. J., Venkatesan S., Martin M. A. Molecular characterization of a polymerase mutant human immunodeficiency virus. Virology. 1987 Oct;160(2):323–329. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90002-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hahn B. H., Gonda M. A., Shaw G. M., Popovic M., Hoxie J. A., Gallo R. C., Wong-Staal F. Genomic diversity of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus HTLV-III: different viruses exhibit greatest divergence in their envelope genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul;82(14):4813–4817. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.14.4813. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Huet T., Dazza M. C., Brun-Vézinet F., Roelants G. E., Wain-Hobson S. A highly defective HIV-1 strain isolated from a healthy Gabonese individual presenting an atypical western blot. AIDS. 1989 Nov;3(11):707–715. doi: 10.1097/00002030-198911000-00004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Larder B. A., Darby G., Richman D. D. HIV with reduced sensitivity to zidovudine (AZT) isolated during prolonged therapy. Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1731–1734. doi: 10.1126/science.2467383. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McInnes A., Rennick D. M. Interleukin 4 induces cultured monocytes/macrophages to form giant multinucleated cells. J Exp Med. 1988 Feb 1;167(2):598–611. doi: 10.1084/jem.167.2.598. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Peng C., Ho B. K., Chang T. W., Chang N. T. Role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific protease in core protein maturation and viral infectivity. J Virol. 1989 Jun;63(6):2550–2556. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.6.2550-2556.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rooke R., Tremblay M., Soudeyns H., DeStephano L., Yao X. J., Fanning M., Montaner J. S., O'Shaughnessy M., Gelmon K., Tsoukas C. Isolation of drug-resistant variants of HIV-1 from patients on long-term zidovudine therapy. Canadian Zidovudine Multi-Centre Study Group. AIDS. 1989 Jul;3(7):411–415. doi: 10.1097/00002030-198907000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simmonds P., Balfe P., Peutherer J. F., Ludlam C. A., Bishop J. O., Brown A. J. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals contain provirus in small numbers of peripheral mononuclear cells and at low copy numbers. J Virol. 1990 Feb;64(2):864–872. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.2.864-872.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Srinivasan A., York D., Jannoun-Nasr R., Kalyanaraman S., Swan D., Benson J., Bohan C., Luciw P. A., Schnoll S., Robinson R. A. Generation of hybrid human immunodeficiency virus by homologous recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Aug;86(16):6388–6392. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.16.6388. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Starcich B. R., Hahn B. H., Shaw G. M., McNeely P. D., Modrow S., Wolf H., Parks E. S., Parks W. P., Josephs S. F., Gallo R. C. Identification and characterization of conserved and variable regions in the envelope gene of HTLV-III/LAV, the retrovirus of AIDS. Cell. 1986 Jun 6;45(5):637–648. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90778-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Takeuchi Y., Nagumo T., Hoshino H. Low fidelity of cell-free DNA synthesis by reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus. J Virol. 1988 Oct;62(10):3900–3902. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.10.3900-3902.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weinberg J. B., Hobbs M. M., Misukonis M. A. Recombinant human gamma-interferon induces human monocyte polykaryon formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(14):4554–4557. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.14.4554. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zack J. A., Arrigo S. J., Weitsman S. R., Go A. S., Haislip A., Chen I. S. HIV-1 entry into quiescent primary lymphocytes: molecular analysis reveals a labile, latent viral structure. Cell. 1990 Apr 20;61(2):213–222. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90802-l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]