Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1991 Oct;65(10):5619–5623. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.10.5619-5623.1991

The nucleotide sequence, 5' end, promoter domain, and kinetics of expression of the gene encoding the herpes simplex virus type 2 latency-associated transcript.

P R Krause 1, J M Ostrove 1, S E Straus 1
PMCID: PMC249080  PMID: 1654458

Abstract

The sequence of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) latency-associated transcript (LAT) region resembles that of HSV-1 only where the LATs overlap ICP0 and in the putative promoter region. Otherwise, the LAT 5' ends, kinetics of expression, and promoter elements are mostly conserved between HSV-1 and HSV-2. The remaining differences between the LATs could contribute to each virus's distinctive pattern of reactivation.

Full text

PDF
5619

Images in this article

5622Image
on p.5622
5622Image
on p.5622

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Batchelor A. H., O'Hare P. Regulation and cell-type-specific activity of a promoter located upstream of the latency-associated transcript of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Virol. 1990 Jul;64(7):3269–3279. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.7.3269-3279.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Burke R. L., Hartog K., Croen K. D., Ostrove J. M. Detection and characterization of latent HSV RNA by in situ and northern blot hybridization in guinea pigs. Virology. 1991 Apr;181(2):793–797. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90920-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Croen K. D., Ostrove J. M., Dragovic L. J., Smialek J. E., Straus S. E. Latent herpes simplex virus in human trigeminal ganglia. Detection of an immediate early gene "anti-sense" transcript by in situ hybridization. N Engl J Med. 1987 Dec 3;317(23):1427–1432. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198712033172302. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Croen K. D., Ostrove J. M., Dragovic L., Straus S. E. Characterization of herpes simplex virus type 2 latency-associated transcription in human sacral ganglia and in cell culture. J Infect Dis. 1991 Jan;163(1):23–28. doi: 10.1093/infdis/163.1.23. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Deatly A. M., Spivack J. G., Lavi E., Fraser N. W. RNA from an immediate early region of the type 1 herpes simplex virus genome is present in the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 May;84(10):3204–3208. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.10.3204. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dobson A. T., Sederati F., Devi-Rao G., Flanagan W. M., Farrell M. J., Stevens J. G., Wagner E. K., Feldman L. T. Identification of the latency-associated transcript promoter by expression of rabbit beta-globin mRNA in mouse sensory nerve ganglia latently infected with a recombinant herpes simplex virus. J Virol. 1989 Sep;63(9):3844–3851. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.9.3844-3851.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Farrell M. J., Dobson A. T., Feldman L. T. Herpes simplex virus latency-associated transcript is a stable intron. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Feb 1;88(3):790–794. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.3.790. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hill J. M., Sedarati F., Javier R. T., Wagner E. K., Stevens J. G. Herpes simplex virus latent phase transcription facilitates in vivo reactivation. Virology. 1990 Jan;174(1):117–125. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90060-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Krause P. R., Croen K. D., Ostrove J. M., Straus S. E. Structural and kinetic analyses of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcripts in human trigeminal ganglia and in cell culture. J Clin Invest. 1990 Jul;86(1):235–241. doi: 10.1172/JCI114689. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Krause P. R., Croen K. D., Straus S. E., Ostrove J. M. Detection and preliminary characterization of herpes simplex virus type 1 transcripts in latently infected human trigeminal ganglia. J Virol. 1988 Dec;62(12):4819–4823. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.12.4819-4823.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Lafferty W. E., Coombs R. W., Benedetti J., Critchlow C., Corey L. Recurrences after oral and genital herpes simplex virus infection. Influence of site of infection and viral type. N Engl J Med. 1987 Jun 4;316(23):1444–1449. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198706043162304. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Leib D. A., Bogard C. L., Kosz-Vnenchak M., Hicks K. A., Coen D. M., Knipe D. M., Schaffer P. A. A deletion mutant of the latency-associated transcript of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivates from the latent state with reduced frequency. J Virol. 1989 Jul;63(7):2893–2900. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.7.2893-2900.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Leib D. A., Nadeau K. C., Rundle S. A., Schaffer P. A. The promoter of the latency-associated transcripts of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains a functional cAMP-response element: role of the latency-associated transcripts and cAMP in reactivation of viral latency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jan 1;88(1):48–52. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.1.48. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. McGeoch D. J., Dalrymple M. A., Davison A. J., Dolan A., Frame M. C., McNab D., Perry L. J., Scott J. E., Taylor P. The complete DNA sequence of the long unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Gen Virol. 1988 Jul;69(Pt 7):1531–1574. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-69-7-1531. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mitchell W. J., Deshmane S. L., Dolan A., McGeoch D. J., Fraser N. W. Characterization of herpes simplex virus type 2 transcription during latent infection of mouse trigeminal ganglia. J Virol. 1990 Nov;64(11):5342–5348. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.11.5342-5348.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Spivack J. G., Fraser N. W. Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 transcripts during latent infection in mice. J Virol. 1987 Dec;61(12):3841–3847. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.12.3841-3847.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Spivack J. G., Fraser N. W. Expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcripts and transcripts affected by the deletion in avirulent mutant HFEM: evidence for a new class of HSV-1 genes. J Virol. 1988 Sep;62(9):3281–3287. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.9.3281-3287.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Steiner I., Spivack J. G., Lirette R. P., Brown S. M., MacLean A. R., Subak-Sharpe J. H., Fraser N. W. Herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcripts are evidently not essential for latent infection. EMBO J. 1989 Feb;8(2):505–511. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03404.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Steiner I., Spivack J. G., O'Boyle D. R., 2nd, Lavi E., Fraser N. W. Latent herpes simplex virus type 1 transcription in human trigeminal ganglia. J Virol. 1988 Sep;62(9):3493–3496. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.9.3493-3496.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Stevens J. G., Haarr L., Porter D. D., Cook M. L., Wagner E. K. Prominence of the herpes simplex virus latency-associated transcript in trigeminal ganglia from seropositive humans. J Infect Dis. 1988 Jul;158(1):117–123. doi: 10.1093/infdis/158.1.117. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Stevens J. G., Wagner E. K., Devi-Rao G. B., Cook M. L., Feldman L. T. RNA complementary to a herpesvirus alpha gene mRNA is prominent in latently infected neurons. Science. 1987 Feb 27;235(4792):1056–1059. doi: 10.1126/science.2434993. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Suzuki S., Martin J. R. Herpes simplex virus type 2 transcripts in trigeminal ganglia during acute and latent infection in mice. J Neurol Sci. 1989 Nov;93(2-3):239–251. doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(89)90194-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Wagner E. K., Devi-Rao G., Feldman L. T., Dobson A. T., Zhang Y. F., Flanagan W. M., Stevens J. G. Physical characterization of the herpes simplex virus latency-associated transcript in neurons. J Virol. 1988 Apr;62(4):1194–1202. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.4.1194-1202.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Wagner E. K., Flanagan W. M., Devi-Rao G., Zhang Y. F., Hill J. M., Anderson K. P., Stevens J. G. The herpes simplex virus latency-associated transcript is spliced during the latent phase of infection. J Virol. 1988 Dec;62(12):4577–4585. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.12.4577-4585.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Wechsler S. L., Nesburn A. B., Watson R., Slanina S. M., Ghiasi H. Fine mapping of the latency-related gene of herpes simplex virus type 1: alternative splicing produces distinct latency-related RNAs containing open reading frames. J Virol. 1988 Nov;62(11):4051–4058. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.11.4051-4058.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Wechsler S. L., Nesburn A. B., Watson R., Slanina S., Ghiasi H. Fine mapping of the major latency-related RNA of herpes simplex virus type 1 in humans. J Gen Virol. 1988 Dec;69(Pt 12):3101–3106. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-69-12-3101. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Wechsler S. L., Nesburn A. B., Zwaagstra J., Ghiasi H. Sequence of the latency-related gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. Virology. 1989 Jan;168(1):168–172. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90416-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Zwaagstra J., Ghiasi H., Nesburn A. B., Wechsler S. L. In vitro promoter activity associated with the latency-associated transcript gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Gen Virol. 1989 Aug;70(Pt 8):2163–2169. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-70-8-2163. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES