Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Bulletin of the World Health Organization logoLink to Bulletin of the World Health Organization
. 1986;64(2):271–278.

An international point source outbreak of typhoid fever: a European collaborative investigation*

R E Stanwell-Smith, L R Ward
PMCID: PMC2490935  PMID: 3488842

Abstract

A point source outbreak of Salmonella typhi, degraded Vi-strain 22, affecting 32 British visitors to Kos, Greece, in 1983 was attributed by a case—control study to the consumption of a salad at one hotel. This represents the first major outbreak of typhoid fever in which a salad has been identified as the vehicle. The source of the infection was probably a carrier in the hotel staff. The investigation demonstrates the importance of national surveillance, international cooperation, and epidemiological methods in the investigation and control of major outbreaks of infection.

Full text

PDF
271

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ANDERSON E. S., WILLIAMS R. E. Bacteriophage typing of enteric pathogens and staphylococci and its use in epidemiology. J Clin Pathol. 1956 May;9(2):94–127. doi: 10.1136/jcp.9.2.94. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bernard R. P. The Zermatt typhoid outbreak in 1963. J Hyg (Lond) 1965 Dec;63(4):537–563. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400045423. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Blaser M. J., Rafuse E. M., Wells J. G., Pollard R. A., Feldman R. A. An outbreak of salmonellosis involving multiple vehicles. Am J Epidemiol. 1981 Nov;114(5):663–670. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113237. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cvjetanović B., Grab B., Uemura K. Epidemiological model of typhoid fever and its use in the planning and evaluation of antityphoid immunization and sanitation programmes. Bull World Health Organ. 1971;45(1):53–75. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Ercolani G. L. Bacteriological quality assessment of fresh marketed lettuce and fennel. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1976 Jun;31(6):847–852. doi: 10.1128/aem.31.6.847-852.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. GAYLER G. E., MACCREADY R. A., REARDON J. P., McKERNAN B. F. An outbreak of salmonellosis traced to watermelon. Public Health Rep. 1955 Mar;70(3):311–313. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Naylor G. R. Incubation period and other features of food-borne and water-borne outbreaks of typhoid fever in relation to pathogenesis and genetics of resistance. Lancet. 1983 Apr 16;1(8329):864–866. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)91395-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Sathe P. V., Karandikar V. N., Gupte M. D., Niphadkar K. B., Joshi B. N., Polakhare J. K., Jahagirdar P. L., Deodhar N. S. Investigation report of an epidemic of typhoid fever. Int J Epidemiol. 1983 Jun;12(2):215–219. doi: 10.1093/ije/12.2.215. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Weissman J. B., Williams S. V., Hinman A. R., Haughie G. R., Gangarosa E. J. Foodborne shigellosis at a country fair. Am J Epidemiol. 1974 Sep;100(3):178–185. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112026. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Bulletin of the World Health Organization are provided here courtesy of World Health Organization

RESOURCES