Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1990 Feb;64(2):873–880. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.2.873-880.1990

Genomic termini of equine herpesvirus 1.

S I Chowdhury 1, H J Buhk 1, H Ludwig 1, W Hammerschmidt 1
PMCID: PMC249183  PMID: 2153249

Abstract

After cell infection with the equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), the termini of the linear double-stranded DNA genome fuse to form circular forms. To investigate the mechanisms in the generation and cleavage of such replicative-form DNAs, the genomic termini, the fusion of termini from replicative-form molecules, and the junction between the short and long genome segments have been analyzed by restriction mapping, blot hybridizations, cloning, and sequencing. The data suggest that the genome ends are not redundant and that the genomic termini are fused in replicative intermediates via 3' single-base extensions at the termini of the unique long segment (UL) and terminal repeat (TR). Adjacent to the EHV-1 termini are AT and gamma sequence elements highly conserved among different herpesviruses. We propose that both of these sequence elements are important for the cleavage of EHV-1 replicative forms.

Full text

PDF

Images in this article

876Image
on p.876
876Image
on p.876

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Allen G. P., Turtinen L. W. Assessment of the base sequence homology between the two subtypes of equine herpesvirus 1. J Virol. 1982 Oct;44(1):249–255. doi: 10.1128/jvi.44.1.249-255.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Allen G. P., Yeargan M. R., Turtinen L. W., Bryans J. T., McCollum W. H. Molecular epizootiologic studies of equine herpesvirus-1 infections by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of viral DNA. Am J Vet Res. 1983 Feb;44(2):263–271. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Atherton S. S., Sullivan D. C., Dauenhauer S. A., Ruyechan W. T., O'Callaghan D. J. Properties of the genome of equine herpesvirus type 3. Virology. 1982 Jul 15;120(1):18–32. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90003-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Baumann R. P., Sullivan D. C., Staczek J., O'Callaghan D. J. Genetic relatedness and colinearity of genomes of equine herpesvirus types 1 and 3. J Virol. 1986 Mar;57(3):816–825. doi: 10.1128/jvi.57.3.816-825.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chou J., Roizman B. Characterization of DNA sequence-common and sequence-specific proteins binding to cis-acting sites for cleavage of the terminal a sequence of the herpes simplex virus 1 genome. J Virol. 1989 Mar;63(3):1059–1068. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.3.1059-1068.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chowdhury S. I., Kubin G., Ludwig H. Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) induced abortions and paralysis in a Lipizzaner stud: a contribution to the classification of equine herpesviruses. Arch Virol. 1986;90(3-4):273–288. doi: 10.1007/BF01317376. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Chowdhury S. I., Ludwig H., Buhk H. J. Molecular biological characterization of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) isolates from ruminant hosts. Virus Res. 1988 Sep;11(2):127–139. doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(88)90038-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Davison A. J. Structure of the genome termini of varicella-zoster virus. J Gen Virol. 1984 Nov;65(Pt 11):1969–1977. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-65-11-1969. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Deiss L. P., Chou J., Frenkel N. Functional domains within the a sequence involved in the cleavage-packaging of herpes simplex virus DNA. J Virol. 1986 Sep;59(3):605–618. doi: 10.1128/jvi.59.3.605-618.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hammerschmidt W., Ludwig H., Buhk H. J. Short repeats cause heterogeneity at genomic terminus of bovine herpesvirus 1. J Virol. 1986 Apr;58(1):43–49. doi: 10.1128/jvi.58.1.43-49.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hammerschmidt W., Ludwig H., Buhk H. J. Specificity of cleavage in replicative-form DNA of bovine herpesvirus 1. J Virol. 1988 Apr;62(4):1355–1363. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.4.1355-1363.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Harper L., Demarchi J., Ben-Porat T. Sequence of the genome ends and of the junction between the ends in concatemeric DNA of pseudorabies virus. J Virol. 1986 Dec;60(3):1183–1185. doi: 10.1128/jvi.60.3.1183-1185.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Henry B. E., Robinson R. A., Dauenhauer S. A., Atherton S. S., Hayward G. S., O'Callaghan D. J. Structure of the genome of equine herpesvirus type 1. Virology. 1981 Nov;115(1):97–114. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90092-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Loenen W. A., Brammar W. J. A bacteriophage lambda vector for cloning large DNA fragments made with several restriction enzymes. Gene. 1980 Aug;10(3):249–259. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(80)90054-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Marks J. R., Spector D. H. Replication of the murine cytomegalovirus genome: structure and role of the termini in the generation and cleavage of concatenates. Virology. 1988 Jan;162(1):98–107. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90398-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. A new method for sequencing DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):560–564. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.560. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Mocarski E. S., Roizman B. Structure and role of the herpes simplex virus DNA termini in inversion, circularization and generation of virion DNA. Cell. 1982 Nov;31(1):89–97. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90408-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Nasseri M., Mocarski E. S. The cleavage recognition signal is contained within sequences surrounding an a-a junction in herpes simplex virus DNA. Virology. 1988 Nov;167(1):25–30. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90050-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Rigby P. W., Dieckmann M., Rhodes C., Berg P. Labeling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J Mol Biol. 1977 Jun 15;113(1):237–251. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90052-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Roizman B. The structure and isomerization of herpes simplex virus genomes. Cell. 1979 Mar;16(3):481–494. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90023-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Ruyechan W. T., Dauenhauer S. A., O'Callaghan D. J. Electron microscopic study of equine herpesvirus type 1 DNA. J Virol. 1982 Apr;42(1):297–300. doi: 10.1128/jvi.42.1.297-300.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Stevely W. S. Inverted repetition in the chromosome of pseudorabies virus. J Virol. 1977 Apr;22(1):232–234. doi: 10.1128/jvi.22.1.232-234.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Studdert M. J., Simpson T., Roizman B. Differentiation of respiratory and abortigenic isolates of equine herpesvirus 1 by restriction endonucleases. Science. 1981 Oct 30;214(4520):562–564. doi: 10.1126/science.6270790. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Sullivan D. C., Atherton S. S., Staczek J., O'Callaghan D. J. Structure of the genome of equine herpesvirus type 3. Virology. 1984 Jan 30;132(2):352–367. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90041-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Tamashiro J. C., Filpula D., Friedmann T., Spector D. H. Structure of the heterogeneous L-S junction region of human cytomegalovirus strain AD169 DNA. J Virol. 1984 Nov;52(2):541–548. doi: 10.1128/jvi.52.2.541-548.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Tamashiro J. C., Spector D. H. Terminal structure and heterogeneity in human cytomegalovirus strain AD169. J Virol. 1986 Sep;59(3):591–604. doi: 10.1128/jvi.59.3.591-604.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Turtinen L. W., Allen G. P., Darlington R. W., Bryans J. T. Serologic and molecular comparisons of several equine herpesvirus type 1 strains. Am J Vet Res. 1981 Dec;42(12):2099–2104. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Varmuza S. L., Smiley J. R. Signals for site-specific cleavage of HSV DNA: maturation involves two separate cleavage events at sites distal to the recognition sequences. Cell. 1985 Jul;41(3):793–802. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80060-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Whalley J. M., Robertson G. R., Davison A. J. Analysis of the genome of equine herpesvirus type 1: arrangement of cleavage sites for restriction endonucleases EcoRI, BglII and BamHI. J Gen Virol. 1981 Dec;57(Pt 2):307–323. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-57-2-307. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Wu C. A., Harper L., Ben-Porat T. cis Functions involved in replication and cleavage-encapsidation of pseudorabies virus. J Virol. 1986 Aug;59(2):318–327. doi: 10.1128/jvi.59.2.318-327.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES