Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1990 Jun;64(6):2866–2875. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.6.2866-2875.1990

Identification of the Epstein-Barr virus terminal protein gene products in latently infected lymphocytes.

D T Rowe 1, L Hall 1, I Joab 1, G Laux 1
PMCID: PMC249469  PMID: 2159547

Abstract

The terminal protein (TP) gene produces two overlapping mRNAs in latently infected lymphocytes that are predicted to encode the similar polypeptides TP1 (497 amino acids) and TP2 (378 amino acids), with TP1 exon 1 providing 119 extra unique residues at the N terminus. Rabbit antisera were raised to procaryotic fusion proteins and used to detect expression of a predicted 53-kilodalton (kDa) TP product in transfected 293 cells and latently infected lymphocytes. Fractionation of transfected 293 cells showed this protein to be localized to an integral membrane preparation. The same fraction of latently infected lymphocytes contained proteins of 53 and 27 to 39 kDa as determined by Western immunoblotting with the TP-specific rabbit antisera. Immunoprecipitation of TP products from 35S-labeled human lymphoblastoid cells (CR/B95-8) was used in pulse-chase experiments and showed that TP1 was a labile protein with a half-life of approximately 2 to 4 h. The anti-fusion protein serum detected a 53-kDa TP1 and degradation products in the range of 25 to 35 kDa. A panel of Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines and cell lines established with virus recovered from the BL cells were analyzed by Western immunoblotting and found to contain the 53-kDa TP1 product, its degradation products, or both. Only two EBV-positive BL cell lines (BL72 and Wewak II) were negative in this assay. The results suggest that a labile TP1 protein may be expressed by most, if not all, EBV-infected cell lines.

Full text

PDF
2866

Images in this article

2869Image
on p.2869
2870Image
on p.2870
2870Image
on p.2870
2871Image
on p.2871
2872Image
on p.2872
2872Image
on p.2872
2873Image
on p.2873

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Andersson-Anvret M., Lindahl T. Integrated viral DNA sequences in Epstein-Barr virus-converted human lymphoma lines. J Virol. 1978 Mar;25(3):710–718. doi: 10.1128/jvi.25.3.710-718.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bodescot M., Brison O., Perricaudet M. An Epstein-Barr virus transcription unit is at least 84 kilobases long. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Mar 25;14(6):2611–2620. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.6.2611. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bodescot M., Chambraud B., Farrell P., Perricaudet M. Spliced RNA from the IR1-U2 region of Epstein-Barr virus: presence of an open reading frame for a repetitive polypeptide. EMBO J. 1984 Aug;3(8):1913–1917. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02067.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bornkamm G. W., Hudewentz J., Freese U. K., Zimber U. Deletion of the nontransforming Epstein-Barr virus strain P3HR-1 causes fusion of the large internal repeat to the DSL region. J Virol. 1982 Sep;43(3):952–968. doi: 10.1128/jvi.43.3.952-968.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Burnette W. N. "Western blotting": electrophoretic transfer of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gels to unmodified nitrocellulose and radiographic detection with antibody and radioiodinated protein A. Anal Biochem. 1981 Apr;112(2):195–203. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(81)90281-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dambaugh T., Wang F., Hennessy K., Woodland E., Rickinson A., Kieff E. Expression of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 2 in rodent cells. J Virol. 1986 Aug;59(2):453–462. doi: 10.1128/jvi.59.2.453-462.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dillner J., Kallin B., Alexander H., Ernberg I., Uno M., Ono Y., Klein G., Lerner R. A. An Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA5) partly encoded by the transformation-associated Bam WYH region of EBV DNA: preferential expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(17):6641–6645. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.17.6641. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dillner J., Kallin B., Klein G., Jörnvall H., Alexander H., Lerner R. Antibodies against synthetic peptides react with the second Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen. EMBO J. 1985 Jul;4(7):1813–1818. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03855.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fischer D. K., Robert M. F., Shedd D., Summers W. P., Robinson J. E., Wolak J., Stefano J. E., Miller G. Identification of Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen polypeptide in mouse and monkey cells after gene transfer with a cloned 2.9-kilobase-pair subfragment of the genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(1):43–47. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.1.43. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Graham F. L., van der Eb A. J. A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human adenovirus 5 DNA. Virology. 1973 Apr;52(2):456–467. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90341-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Henderson A., Ripley S., Heller M., Kieff E. Chromosome site for Epstein-Barr virus DNA in a Burkitt tumor cell line and in lymphocytes growth-transformed in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Apr;80(7):1987–1991. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.7.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Henle W., Diehl V., Kohn G., Zur Hausen H., Henle G. Herpes-type virus and chromosome marker in normal leukocytes after growth with irradiated Burkitt cells. Science. 1967 Sep 1;157(3792):1064–1065. doi: 10.1126/science.157.3792.1064. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hennessy K., Fennewald S., Hummel M., Cole T., Kieff E. A membrane protein encoded by Epstein-Barr virus in latent growth-transforming infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(22):7207–7211. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.22.7207. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hennessy K., Fennewald S., Kieff E. A third viral nuclear protein in lymphoblasts immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Sep;82(17):5944–5948. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.17.5944. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hennessy K., Wang F., Bushman E. W., Kieff E. Definitive identification of a member of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 3 family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Aug;83(15):5693–5697. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.15.5693. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hurley E. A., Thorley-Lawson D. A. B cell activation and the establishment of Epstein-Barr virus latency. J Exp Med. 1988 Dec 1;168(6):2059–2075. doi: 10.1084/jem.168.6.2059. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Joab I., Rowe D. T., Bodescot M., Nicolas J. C., Farrell P. J., Perricaudet M. Mapping of the gene coding for Epstein-Barr virus-determined nuclear antigen EBNA3 and its transient overexpression in a human cell line by using an adenovirus expression vector. J Virol. 1987 Oct;61(10):3340–3344. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.10.3340-3344.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Laux G., Economou A., Farrell P. J. The terminal protein gene 2 of Epstein-Barr virus is transcribed from a bidirectional latent promoter region. J Gen Virol. 1989 Nov;70(Pt 11):3079–3084. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-70-11-3079. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Laux G., Perricaudet M., Farrell P. J. A spliced Epstein-Barr virus gene expressed in immortalized lymphocytes is created by circularization of the linear viral genome. EMBO J. 1988 Mar;7(3):769–774. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02874.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Lawrence J. B., Villnave C. A., Singer R. H. Sensitive, high-resolution chromatin and chromosome mapping in situ: presence and orientation of two closely integrated copies of EBV in a lymphoma line. Cell. 1988 Jan 15;52(1):51–61. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90530-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lupton S., Levine A. J. Mapping genetic elements of Epstein-Barr virus that facilitate extrachromosomal persistence of Epstein-Barr virus-derived plasmids in human cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Oct;5(10):2533–2542. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2533. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Matsuo T., Heller M., Petti L., O'Shiro E., Kieff E. Persistence of the entire Epstein-Barr virus genome integrated into human lymphocyte DNA. Science. 1984 Dec 14;226(4680):1322–1325. doi: 10.1126/science.6095452. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Miller G., Robinson J., Heston L., Lipman M. Differences between laboratory strains of Epstein-Barr virus based on immortalization, abortive infection, and interference. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Oct;71(10):4006–4010. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.10.4006. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Petti L., Kieff E. A sixth Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein (EBNA3B) is expressed in latently infected growth-transformed lymphocytes. J Virol. 1988 Jun;62(6):2173–2178. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.6.2173-2178.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Petti L., Sample J., Wang F., Kieff E. A fifth Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein (EBNA3C) is expressed in latently infected growth-transformed lymphocytes. J Virol. 1988 Apr;62(4):1330–1338. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.4.1330-1338.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Rabson M., Gradoville L., Heston L., Miller G. Non-immortalizing P3J-HR-1 Epstein-Barr virus: a deletion mutant of its transforming parent, Jijoye. J Virol. 1982 Dec;44(3):834–844. doi: 10.1128/jvi.44.3.834-844.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Rawlins D. R., Milman G., Hayward S. D., Hayward G. S. Sequence-specific DNA binding of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA-1) to clustered sites in the plasmid maintenance region. Cell. 1985 Oct;42(3):859–868. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90282-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Ricksten A., Kallin B., Alexander H., Dillner J., Fåhraeus R., Klein G., Lerner R., Rymo L. BamHI E region of the Epstein-Barr virus genome encodes three transformation-associated nuclear proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Feb;85(4):995–999. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.4.995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Rowe D. T., Clarke J. R. The type-specific epitopes of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 are near the carboxy terminus of the protein. J Gen Virol. 1989 May;70(Pt 5):1217–1229. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-70-5-1217. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Rowe D. T., Farrell P. J., Miller G. Novel nuclear antigens recognized by human sera in lymphocytes latently infected by Epstein-Barr virus. Virology. 1987 Jan;156(1):153–162. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90446-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Rowe D. T., Rowe M., Evan G. I., Wallace L. E., Farrell P. J., Rickinson A. B. Restricted expression of EBV latent genes and T-lymphocyte-detected membrane antigen in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. EMBO J. 1986 Oct;5(10):2599–2607. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04540.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Rowe D., Heston L., Metlay J., Miller G. Identification and expression of a nuclear antigen from the genomic region of the Jijoye strain of Epstein-Barr virus that is missing in its nonimmortalizing deletion mutant, P3HR-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Nov;82(21):7429–7433. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.21.7429. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Rowe M., Rowe D. T., Gregory C. D., Young L. S., Farrell P. J., Rupani H., Rickinson A. B. Differences in B cell growth phenotype reflect novel patterns of Epstein-Barr virus latent gene expression in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. EMBO J. 1987 Sep;6(9):2743–2751. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02568.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Schaffhausen B. S., Silver J. E., Benjamin T. L. Tumor antigen(s) in cell productively infected by wild-type polyoma virus and mutant NG-18. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jan;75(1):79–83. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.1.79. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Shimizu N., Yamaki M., Sakuma S., Ono Y., Takada K. Three Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-determined nuclear antigens induced by the BamHI E region of EBV DNA. Int J Cancer. 1988 May 15;41(5):744–751. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910410518. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Sugden B., Phelps M., Domoradzki J. Epstein-Barr virus DNA is amplified in transformed lymphocytes. J Virol. 1979 Sep;31(3):590–595. doi: 10.1128/jvi.31.3.590-595.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Summers W. P., Grogan E. A., Shedd D., Robert M., Liu C. R., Miller G. Stable expression in mouse cells of nuclear neoantigen after transfer of a 3.4-megadalton cloned fragment of Epstein-Barr virus DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Sep;79(18):5688–5692. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.18.5688. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Teo C. G., Griffin B. E. Epstein-Barr virus genomes in lymphoid cells: activation in mitosis and chromosomal location. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec;84(23):8473–8477. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.23.8473. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Wang D., Liebowitz D., Kieff E. An EBV membrane protein expressed in immortalized lymphocytes transforms established rodent cells. Cell. 1985 Dec;43(3 Pt 2):831–840. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90256-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Wang F., Gregory C. D., Rowe M., Rickinson A. B., Wang D., Birkenbach M., Kikutani H., Kishimoto T., Kieff E. Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 specifically induces expression of the B-cell activation antigen CD23. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 May;84(10):3452–3456. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.10.3452. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Warren L. Isolation of plasma membrane from tissue culture--L cells. Methods Enzymol. 1974;31:156–162. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Yates J., Warren N., Reisman D., Sugden B. A cis-acting element from the Epstein-Barr viral genome that permits stable replication of recombinant plasmids in latently infected cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jun;81(12):3806–3810. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.12.3806. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES