Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Netherlands Heart Journal logoLink to Netherlands Heart Journal
. 2004 Apr;12(4):157–164.

Recommendations and cardiological evaluation of athletes with arrhythmias

Part 1

J Hoogsteen, JH Bennekers, EE van der Wall, NM van Hemel, AAM Wilde, HJGM Crijns, APM Gorgels, JLRM Smeets, RNW Hauer, JLM Jordaens, MJ Schalij
PMCID: PMC2497089  PMID: 25696317

Abstract

Besides the consensus meeting in Amersfoort in 1988 and the Bethesda conference in 1994 recommendations are not available in the Netherlands for screening and evaluation of athletes with cardiac arrhythmias.

Guidelines for competitive athletes with cardiac arrhythmias in the United States and Italy were published in 2000. In 1998 Estes et al. published the most important opinions on sudden cardiac death, screening and evaluation of athletes and arrhythmias.

This study addresses the physiological and morphological consequences of athletic training, cardiac pathology and risk stratification for sudden cardiac death. Recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities, arrhythmias and proposals for specific protocols are given.

Full text

PDF
157

Images in this article

159Figure 1
on p.159
159Figure 2
on p.159

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Basso C., Thiene G., Corrado D., Angelini A., Nava A., Valente M. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Dysplasia, dystrophy, or myocarditis? Circulation. 1996 Sep 1;94(5):983–991. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.94.5.983. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cheitlin M. D., De Castro C. M., McAllister H. A. Sudden death as a complication of anomalous left coronary origin from the anterior sinus of Valsalva, A not-so-minor congenital anomaly. Circulation. 1974 Oct;50(4):780–787. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.50.4.780. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Ciampricotti R., Deckers J. W., Taverne R., el Gamal M., Relik-van Wely L., Pool J. Characteristics of conditioned and sedentary men with acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol. 1994 Feb 1;73(4):219–222. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(94)90222-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Corrado D., Basso C., Thiene G., McKenna W. J., Davies M. J., Fontaliran F., Nava A., Silvestri F., Blomstrom-Lundqvist C., Wlodarska E. K. Spectrum of clinicopathologic manifestations of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia: a multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997 Nov 15;30(6):1512–1520. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00332-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Corrado D., Basso C., Thiene G., McKenna W. J., Davies M. J., Fontaliran F., Nava A., Silvestri F., Blomstrom-Lundqvist C., Wlodarska E. K. Spectrum of clinicopathologic manifestations of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia: a multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997 Nov 15;30(6):1512–1520. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00332-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Epstein S. E., Maron B. J. Sudden death and the competitive athlete: perspectives on preparticipation screening studies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986 Jan;7(1):220–230. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80285-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Ergin M. A., Spielvogel D., Apaydin A., Lansman S. L., McCullough J. N., Galla J. D., Griepp R. B. Surgical treatment of the dilated ascending aorta: when and how? Ann Thorac Surg. 1999 Jun;67(6):1834–1856. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(99)00439-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Furlanello F., Bertoldi A., Dallago M., Furlanello C., Fernando F., Inama G., Pappone C., Chierchia S. Cardiac arrest and sudden death in competitive athletes with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1998 Jan;21(1 Pt 2):331–335. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1998.tb01116.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gillinov A. M., Zehr K. J., Redmond J. M., Gott V. L., Deitz H. C., Reitz B. A., Laschinger J. C., Cameron D. E. Cardiac operations in children with Marfan's syndrome: indications and results. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997 Oct;64(4):1140–1145. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(97)00849-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gravanis M. B., Sternby N. H. Incidence of myocarditis. A 10-year autopsy study from Malmö, Sweden. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1991 Apr;115(4):390–392. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Huston T. P., Puffer J. C., Rodney W. M. The athletic heart syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1985 Jul 4;313(1):24–32. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198507043130106. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Iserin L., Jondeau G., Sidi D., Kachaner J. Maladie de Marfan. Manifestations cardiovasculaires et indications thérapeutiques. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1997 Dec;90(12 Suppl):1701–1705. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Linde C. Women and arrhythmias. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2000 Oct;23(10 Pt 1):1550–1560. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2000.01550.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Maron B. J., Epstein S. E., Roberts W. C. Causes of sudden death in competitive athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986 Jan;7(1):204–214. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80283-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Maron B. J., Gardin J. M., Flack J. M., Gidding S. S., Kurosaki T. T., Bild D. E. Prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a general population of young adults. Echocardiographic analysis of 4111 subjects in the CARDIA Study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults. Circulation. 1995 Aug 15;92(4):785–789. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.92.4.785. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. McCaffrey F. M., Braden D. S., Strong W. B. Sudden cardiac death in young athletes. A review. Am J Dis Child. 1991 Feb;145(2):177–183. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1991.02160020069020. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. McKenna W. J., Thiene G., Nava A., Fontaliran F., Blomstrom-Lundqvist C., Fontaine G., Camerini F. Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. Task Force of the Working Group Myocardial and Pericardial Disease of the European Society of Cardiology and of the Scientific Council on Cardiomyopathies of the International Society and Federation of Cardiology. Br Heart J. 1994 Mar;71(3):215–218. doi: 10.1136/hrt.71.3.215. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. McLenachan J. M., Henderson E., Morris K. I., Dargie H. J. Ventricular arrhythmias in patients with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. N Engl J Med. 1987 Sep 24;317(13):787–792. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198709243171302. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Paffenbarger R. S., Jr, Hyde R. T., Wing A. L., Lee I. M., Jung D. L., Kampert J. B. The association of changes in physical-activity level and other lifestyle characteristics with mortality among men. N Engl J Med. 1993 Feb 25;328(8):538–545. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199302253280804. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Pelliccia A., Maron B. J., Culasso F., Di Paolo F. M., Spataro A., Biffi A., Caselli G., Piovano P. Clinical significance of abnormal electrocardiographic patterns in trained athletes. Circulation. 2000 Jul 18;102(3):278–284. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.102.3.278. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Rowland T. W. Sudden unexpected death in sports. Pediatr Ann. 1992 Mar;21(3):189, 193-5. doi: 10.3928/0090-4481-19920301-10. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Sandvik L., Erikssen J., Thaulow E., Erikssen G., Mundal R., Rodahl K. Physical fitness as a predictor of mortality among healthy, middle-aged Norwegian men. N Engl J Med. 1993 Feb 25;328(8):533–537. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199302253280803. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Sharma S., Whyte G., McKenna W. J. Sudden death from cardiovascular disease in young athletes: fact or fiction? Br J Sports Med. 1997 Dec;31(4):269–276. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.31.4.269. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Steinberger J., Lucas R. V., Jr, Edwards J. E., Titus J. L. Causes of sudden unexpected cardiac death in the first two decades of life. Am J Cardiol. 1996 May 1;77(11):992–995. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00035-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Thiene G., Nava A., Corrado D., Rossi L., Pennelli N. Right ventricular cardiomyopathy and sudden death in young people. N Engl J Med. 1988 Jan 21;318(3):129–133. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198801213180301. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Zardini M., Yee R., Thakur R. K., Klein G. J. Risk of sudden arrhythmic death in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: current perspectives. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1994 May;17(5 Pt 1):966–975. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1994.tb01440.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. van der Wall E. E., Kayser H. W., Bootsma M. M., de Roos A., Schalij M. J. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: MRI findings. Herz. 2000 Jun;25(4):356–364. doi: 10.1007/s000590050028. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Netherlands Heart Journal are provided here courtesy of Springer

RESOURCES