Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1969 Nov;100(2):738–744. doi: 10.1128/jb.100.2.738-744.1969

Deoxycholate-Treated, Nontoxic, Whole-Cell Vaccine Protective Against Experimental Salmonellosis of Mice

Fred F Badakhsh 1, Mendel Herzberg 1
PMCID: PMC250152  PMID: 4901358

Abstract

A vaccine prepared from the residue after extraction of whole cells of Salmonella typhimurium with 2% sodium deoxycholate proved to be nontoxic and highly immunogenic. The material was not lethal for mice at 6.0 mg and was essentially nontoxic in rabbit skin, whereas endotoxic activity was found in the dialyzed extract. A high dosage, above 2.0 mg, was less protective than lower doses, indicating a degree of “immunologic paralysis.” Three inoculations of low doses, 0.25 mg each, induced protection against death and tissue infection in animals challenged with 2,000 ld50 of virulent homologous S. typhimurium and against death, but not against tissue infection, after heterologous challenge with S. enteritidis. Residues of purified cell walls were as effective as residues of whole cells, indicating that the immunizing antigen(s) resided in the cell wall.

Full text

PDF
738

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. AUZINS I., ROWLEY D. FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE ADHERENCE OF S. TYPHIMURIUM C5 AND MOUSE PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1963 Oct;41:539–546. doi: 10.1038/icb.1963.44. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Ashcroft M. T., Singh B., Nicholson C. C., Ritchie J. M., Sorryan E., Williams F. A seven-year field trial of two typhoid vaccines in Guyana. Lancet. 1967 Nov 18;2(7525):1056–1059. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(67)90335-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Blanden R. V., Mackaness G. B., Collins F. M. Mechanisms of acquired resistance in mouse typhoid. J Exp Med. 1966 Oct 1;124(4):585–600. doi: 10.1084/jem.124.4.585. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. CVJETANOVIC B., UEMURA K. THE PRESENT STATUS OF FIELD AND LABORATORY STUDIES OF TYPHOID AND PARATYPHOID VACCINES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO STUDIES SPONSORED BY WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Bull World Health Organ. 1965;32:29–36. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Collins F. M. Cross-protection against Salmonella enteritidis infection in mice. J Bacteriol. 1968 Apr;95(4):1343–1349. doi: 10.1128/jb.95.4.1343-1349.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Collins F. M., Mackaness G. B., Blanden R. V. Infection-immunity in experimental salmonellosis. J Exp Med. 1966 Oct 1;124(4):601–619. doi: 10.1084/jem.124.4.601. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Collins F. M., Mackaness G. B. Delayed hypersensitivity and arthus reactivity in relation to host resistance in salmonella-infected mice. J Immunol. 1968 Nov;101(5):830–845. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Collins F. M., Milne M. Heat-labile antigens of Salmonella enteritidis. II. Mouse-protection studies. J Bacteriol. 1966 Sep;92(3):549–557. doi: 10.1128/jb.92.3.549-557.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Collins F. M. Recall of immunity in mice vaccinated with Salmonella enteritidis or Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 1968 Jun;95(6):2014–2021. doi: 10.1128/jb.95.6.2014-2021.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. FELTON L. D., KAUFFMANN G., PRESCOTT B., OTTINGER B. Studies on the mechanism of the immunological paralysis induced in mice by pneumococcal polysaccharides. J Immunol. 1955 Jan;74(1):17–26. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. FOSTER J. W., RIBI E. Immunological role of Brucella abortus cell walls. J Bacteriol. 1962 Aug;84:258–268. doi: 10.1128/jb.84.2.258-268.1962. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. HERZBERG M., JAWAD M. J., PRATT D. CORRELATION OF SUCCINATE METABOLISM AND VIRULENCE IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM. J Bacteriol. 1965 Jan;89:185–192. doi: 10.1128/jb.89.1.185-192.1965. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hejfec L. B., Levina L. A., Kuz'minova M. L., Salmin L. V., Slavina A. M., Vasil'eva A. V. Controlled field trials of paratyphoid B vaccine and evaluation of the effectiveness of a single administration of typhoid vaccine. Bull World Health Organ. 1968;38(6):907–915. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Herzberg M., Kenny K. V., Robbins J. B. Nonabsorbable rabbit anti-Salmonella typhimurium antibody as detected by the complement-mediated bactericidal reaction. J Bacteriol. 1966 Apr;91(4):1548–1555. doi: 10.1128/jb.91.4.1548-1555.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. JENKIN C. R., ROWLEY D. PARTIAL PURIFICATION OF THE "PROTECTIVE" ANTIGEN OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM AND ITS DISTRIBUTION AMONGST VARIOUS STRAINS OF BACTERIA. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1965 Feb;43:65–78. doi: 10.1038/icb.1965.5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kenny K., Herzberg M. Antibody response and protection induced by immunization with smooth and rough strains in experimental salmonellosis. J Bacteriol. 1968 Feb;95(2):406–417. doi: 10.1128/jb.95.2.406-417.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. LARSON C. L., RIBI E., MILNER K. C., LIEBERMAN J. E. A method for titrating endotoxic activity in the skin of rabbits. J Exp Med. 1960 Jan 1;111:1–20. doi: 10.1084/jem.111.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. MACKANESS G. B. Cellular resistance to infection. J Exp Med. 1962 Sep 1;116:381–406. doi: 10.1084/jem.116.3.381. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Mochmann H., Ocklitz H. W., Schmidt E. F., Hering L., Markuse I. Laboratoriumsversuche über die Möglichkeiten einer oralen Immunisierung mit einem Natriumdesoxycholat-Extrakt aus Dyspepsiecoli-Stämmen. II. Immunbiologische Eigenschaften. Die Antikörperbildung im Versuchstier und der passive Schutzversuch. Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig. 1967;203(3):307–314. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Mochmann H., Ocklitz H. W., Schmidt E. F., Hering L., Milleck J. Laboratoriumsversuche über die Möglichkeiten einer oralen Immunisierung mit einem Natriumdesoxycholat-Extrakt aus Dyspepsiecoli-Stämmen. 3. Die Schutzwirkung des Extraktes im aktiven Mäuseschutzversuch. Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig. 1967;203(3):314–325. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Ocklitz H. W., Mochmann H., Schmidt E. F., Hering L., Markuse I. Laboratoriumsversuche überdie Möglichkeiten einer oralen Immunisierung mit einem Natriumdeoxycholat-Extrakt aus Dyspepsiecoli-Stämmen. I. Immunbiologische Eigenschaften. Die Antikörperbindung des Extraktes im Latextest. Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig. 1967;203(3):300–306. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Ocklitz H. W., Mochmann H., Schmidt E. F., Hering L. Oral immunization of mice with a soluble protective antigen obtained from enteropathogenic serotypes of Escherichia coli. Nature. 1967 Jun 3;214(5092):1053–1054. doi: 10.1038/2141053a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Roantree R. J. Salmonella O antigens and virulence. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1967;21:443–466. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.21.100167.002303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Rowley D., Auzins I., Jenkin C. R. Further studies regarding the question of cellular immunity in mouse typhoid. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1968 Aug;46(4):447–463. doi: 10.1038/icb.1968.38. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Rudbach J. A., Anacker R. L., Haskins W. T., Johnson A. G., Milner K. C., Ribi E. Physical aspects of reversible inactivation of endotoxin. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1966 Jun 30;133(2):629–643. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb52394.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Rudbach J. A., Milner K. C., Ribi E. Hybrid formation between bacterial endotoxins. J Exp Med. 1967 Jul 1;126(1):63–79. doi: 10.1084/jem.126.1.63. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. USHIBA D., SAITO K., AKIYAMA T., NAKANO M., SUGIYAMA T., SHIRONO S. Studies on experimental typhoid: bacterial multiplication and host cell response after infection with Salmonella enteritidis in mice immunized with live and killed vaccines. Jpn J Microbiol. 1959 Apr;3:231–242. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1959.tb00119.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES