Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1988 Jan;62(1):159–167. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.1.159-167.1988

Entry of herpes simplex virus 1 in BJ cells that constitutively express viral glycoprotein D is by endocytosis and results in degradation of the virus.

G Campadelli-Fiume 1, M Arsenakis 1, F Farabegoli 1, B Roizman 1
PMCID: PMC250514  PMID: 2824844

Abstract

The BJ cell line which constitutively expresses herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein D is resistant to infection with herpes simplex viruses. Analysis of clonal lines indicated that resistance to superinfecting virus correlates with the expression of glycoprotein D. Resistance was not due to a failure of attachment to cells, since the superinfecting virus absorbed to the BJ cells. Electron microscopic studies showed that the virions are juxtaposed to coated pits and are then taken up into endocytic vesicles. The virus particles contained in the vesicles were in various stages of degradation. Viral DNA that reached the nucleus was present in fewer copies per BJ cell than that in the parental BHKtk- cells infected at the same multiplicity. Moreover, unlike the viral DNA in BHKtk- cells which was amplified, that in BJ cells decreased in copy number. The results suggest that the glycoprotein D expressed in the BJ cell line interfered with fusion of the virion envelope with the plasma membrane but not with the adsorption of the virus to cells and that the viral proteins that mediate adsorption to and fusion of membranes appear to be distinct.

Full text

PDF
159

Images in this article

161Image
on p.161
161Image
on p.161
162Image
on p.162
162Image
on p.162
163Image
on p.163
164Image
on p.164
165Image
on p.165

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ackermann M., Longnecker R., Roizman B., Pereira L. Identification, properties, and gene location of a novel glycoprotein specified by herpes simplex virus 1. Virology. 1986 Apr 15;150(1):207–220. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90280-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Arsenakis M., Campadelli-Fiume G., Roizman B. Regulation of glycoprotein D synthesis: does alpha 4, the major regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus 1, regulate late genes both positively and negatively? J Virol. 1988 Jan;62(1):148–158. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.1.148-158.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Arsenakis M., Hubenthal-Voss J., Campadelli-Fiume G., Pereira L., Roizman B. Construction and properties of a cell line constitutively expressing the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein B dependent on functional alpha 4 protein synthesis. J Virol. 1986 Nov;60(2):674–682. doi: 10.1128/jvi.60.2.674-682.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Balachandran N., Bacchetti S., Rawls W. E. Protection against lethal challenge of BALB/c mice by passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies to five glycoproteins of herpes simplex virus type 2. Infect Immun. 1982 Sep;37(3):1132–1137. doi: 10.1128/iai.37.3.1132-1137.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Batterson W., Furlong D., Roizman B. Molecular genetics of herpes simplex virus. VIII. further characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant defective in release of viral DNA and in other stages of the viral reproductive cycle. J Virol. 1983 Jan;45(1):397–407. doi: 10.1128/jvi.45.1.397-407.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Batterson W., Roizman B. Characterization of the herpes simplex virion-associated factor responsible for the induction of alpha genes. J Virol. 1983 May;46(2):371–377. doi: 10.1128/jvi.46.2.371-377.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Baucke R. B., Spear P. G. Membrane proteins specified by herpes simplex viruses. V. Identification of an Fc-binding glycoprotein. J Virol. 1979 Dec;32(3):779–789. doi: 10.1128/jvi.32.3.779-789.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Berman P. W., Dowbenko D., Lasky L. A., Simonsen C. C. Detection of antibodies to herpes simplex virus with a continuous cell line expressing cloned glycoprotein D. Science. 1983 Nov 4;222(4623):524–527. doi: 10.1126/science.6312563. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Buckmaster E. A., Gompels U., Minson A. Characterisation and physical mapping of an HSV-1 glycoprotein of approximately 115 X 10(3) molecular weight. Virology. 1984 Dec;139(2):408–413. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90387-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Chan W. L. Protective immunization of mice with specific HSV-1 glycoproteins. Immunology. 1983 Jun;49(2):343–352. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Cohen G. H., Isola V. J., Kuhns J., Berman P. W., Eisenberg R. J. Localization of discontinuous epitopes of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D: use of a nondenaturing ("native" gel) system of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with Western blotting. J Virol. 1986 Oct;60(1):157–166. doi: 10.1128/jvi.60.1.157-166.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. DeLarco J., Todaro G. J. Membrane receptors for murine leukemia viruses: characterization using the purified viral envelope glycoprotein, gp71. Cell. 1976 Jul;8(3):365–371. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90148-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. DeLuca N., Bzik D. J., Bond V. C., Person S., Snipes W. Nucleotide sequences of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) affecting virus entry, cell fusion, and production of glycoprotein gb (VP7). Virology. 1982 Oct 30;122(2):411–423. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90240-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Dix R. D., Pereira L., Baringer J. R. Use of monoclonal antibody directed against herpes simplex virus glycoproteins to protect mice against acute virus-induced neurological disease. Infect Immun. 1981 Oct;34(1):192–199. doi: 10.1128/iai.34.1.192-199.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Eisenberg R. J., Cerini C. P., Heilman C. J., Joseph A. D., Dietzschold B., Golub E., Long D., Ponce de Leon M., Cohen G. H. Synthetic glycoprotein D-related peptides protect mice against herpes simplex virus challenge. J Virol. 1985 Dec;56(3):1014–1017. doi: 10.1128/jvi.56.3.1014-1017.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Eisenberg R. J., Long D., Ponce de Leon M., Matthews J. T., Spear P. G., Gibson M. G., Lasky L. A., Berman P., Golub E., Cohen G. H. Localization of epitopes of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D. J Virol. 1985 Feb;53(2):634–644. doi: 10.1128/jvi.53.2.634-644.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Ejercito P. M., Kieff E. D., Roizman B. Characterization of herpes simplex virus strains differing in their effects on social behaviour of infected cells. J Gen Virol. 1968 May;2(3):357–364. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-2-3-357. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Fuller A. O., Spear P. G. Specificities of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that inhibit adsorption of herpes simplex virus to cells and lack of inhibition by potent neutralizing antibodies. J Virol. 1985 Aug;55(2):475–482. doi: 10.1128/jvi.55.2.475-482.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Gompels U., Minson A. The properties and sequence of glycoprotein H of herpes simplex virus type 1. Virology. 1986 Sep;153(2):230–247. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90026-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Heine J. W., Honess R. W., Cassai E., Roizman B. Proteins specified by herpes simplex virus. XII. The virion polypeptides of type 1 strains. J Virol. 1974 Sep;14(3):640–651. doi: 10.1128/jvi.14.3.640-651.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Johnson D. C., Smiley J. R. Intracellular transport of herpes simplex virus gD occurs more rapidly in uninfected cells than in infected cells. J Virol. 1985 Jun;54(3):682–689. doi: 10.1128/jvi.54.3.682-689.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Little S. P., Schaffer P. A. Expression of the syncytial (syn) phenotype in HSV-1, strain KOS: genetic and phenotypic studies of mutants in two syn loci. Virology. 1981 Jul 30;112(2):686–702. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90314-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Long D., Madara T. J., Ponce de Leon M., Cohen G. H., Montgomery P. C., Eisenberg R. J. Glycoprotein D protects mice against lethal challenge with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. Infect Immun. 1984 Feb;43(2):761–764. doi: 10.1128/iai.43.2.761-764.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Longnecker R., Chatterjee S., Whitley R. J., Roizman B. Identification of a herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein gene within a gene cluster dispensable for growth in cell culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jun;84(12):4303–4307. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.12.4303. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Longnecker R., Roizman B. Clustering of genes dispensable for growth in culture in the S component of the HSV-1 genome. Science. 1987 May 1;236(4801):573–576. doi: 10.1126/science.3033823. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Longnecker R., Roizman B. Generation of an inverting herpes simplex virus 1 mutant lacking the L-S junction a sequences, an origin of DNA synthesis, and several genes including those specifying glycoprotein E and the alpha 47 gene. J Virol. 1986 May;58(2):583–591. doi: 10.1128/jvi.58.2.583-591.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Manservigi R., Spear P. G., Buchan A. Cell fusion induced by herpes simplex virus is promoted and suppressed by different viral glycoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Sep;74(9):3913–3917. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.9.3913. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Marsden H. S., Buckmaster A., Palfreyman J. W., Hope R. G., Minson A. C. Characterization of the 92,000-dalton glycoprotein induced by herpes simplex virus type 2. J Virol. 1984 May;50(2):547–554. doi: 10.1128/jvi.50.2.547-554.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Marsh M. The entry of enveloped viruses into cells by endocytosis. Biochem J. 1984 Feb 15;218(1):1–10. doi: 10.1042/bj2180001. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. McGeoch D. J., Dolan A., Donald S., Rixon F. J. Sequence determination and genetic content of the short unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Mol Biol. 1985 Jan 5;181(1):1–13. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90320-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Morse L. S., Pereira L., Roizman B., Schaffer P. A. Anatomy of herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA. X. Mapping of viral genes by analysis of polypeptides and functions specified by HSV-1 X HSV-2 recombinants. J Virol. 1978 May;26(2):389–410. doi: 10.1128/jvi.26.2.389-410.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Noble A. G., Lee G. T., Sprague R., Parish M. L., Spear P. G. Anti-gD monoclonal antibodies inhibit cell fusion induced by herpes simplex virus type 1. Virology. 1983 Aug;129(1):218–224. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90409-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Para M. F., Parish M. L., Noble A. G., Spear P. G. Potent neutralizing activity associated with anti-glycoprotein D specificity among monoclonal antibodies selected for binding to herpes simplex virions. J Virol. 1985 Aug;55(2):483–488. doi: 10.1128/jvi.55.2.483-488.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Pellett P. E., Kousoulas K. G., Pereira L., Roizman B. Anatomy of the herpes simplex virus 1 strain F glycoprotein B gene: primary sequence and predicted protein structure of the wild type and of monoclonal antibody-resistant mutants. J Virol. 1985 Jan;53(1):243–253. doi: 10.1128/jvi.53.1.243-253.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Pellett P. E., McKnight J. L., Jenkins F. J., Roizman B. Nucleotide sequence and predicted amino acid sequence of a protein encoded in a small herpes simplex virus DNA fragment capable of trans-inducing alpha genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Sep;82(17):5870–5874. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.17.5870. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Pereira L., Klassen T., Baringer J. R. Type-common and type-specific monoclonal antibody to herpes simplex virus type 1. Infect Immun. 1980 Aug;29(2):724–732. doi: 10.1128/iai.29.2.724-732.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Poffenberger K. L., Roizman B. A noninverting genome of a viable herpes simplex virus 1: presence of head-to-tail linkages in packaged genomes and requirements for circularization after infection. J Virol. 1985 Feb;53(2):587–595. doi: 10.1128/jvi.53.2.587-595.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Post L. E., Mackem S., Roizman B. Regulation of alpha genes of herpes simplex virus: expression of chimeric genes produced by fusion of thymidine kinase with alpha gene promoters. Cell. 1981 May;24(2):555–565. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90346-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Purves F. C., Longnecker R. M., Leader D. P., Roizman B. Herpes simplex virus 1 protein kinase is encoded by open reading frame US3 which is not essential for virus growth in cell culture. J Virol. 1987 Sep;61(9):2896–2901. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.9.2896-2901.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Richman D. D., Buckmaster A., Bell S., Hodgman C., Minson A. C. Identification of a new glycoprotein of herpes simplex virus type 1 and genetic mapping of the gene that codes for it. J Virol. 1986 Feb;57(2):647–655. doi: 10.1128/jvi.57.2.647-655.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Roizman B., Norrild B., Chan C., Pereira L. Identification and preliminary mapping with monoclonal antibodies of a herpes simplex virus 2 glycoprotein lacking a known type 1 counterpart. Virology. 1984 Feb;133(1):242–247. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90447-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Ruyechan W. T., Morse L. S., Knipe D. M., Roizman B. Molecular genetics of herpes simplex virus. II. Mapping of the major viral glycoproteins and of the genetic loci specifying the social behavior of infected cells. J Virol. 1979 Feb;29(2):677–697. doi: 10.1128/jvi.29.2.677-697.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Spear P. G. Membrane proteins specified by herpes simplex viruses. I. Identification of four glycoprotein precursors and their products in type 1-infected cells. J Virol. 1976 Mar;17(3):991–1008. doi: 10.1128/jvi.17.3.991-1008.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Spear P. G., Roizman B. Proteins specified by herpes simplex virus. V. Purification and structural proteins of the herpesvirion. J Virol. 1972 Jan;9(1):143–159. doi: 10.1128/jvi.9.1.143-159.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Steck F. T., Rubin H. The mechanism of interference between an avian leukosis virus and Rous sarcoma virus. II. Early steps of infection by RSV of cells under conditions of interference. Virology. 1966 Aug;29(4):642–653. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(66)90288-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Weller S. K., Aschman D. P., Sacks W. R., Coen D. M., Schaffer P. A. Genetic analysis of temperature-sensitive mutants of HSV-1: the combined use of complementation and physical mapping for cistron assignment. Virology. 1983 Oct 30;130(2):290–305. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90084-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. White J., Kielian M., Helenius A. Membrane fusion proteins of enveloped animal viruses. Q Rev Biophys. 1983 May;16(2):151–195. doi: 10.1017/s0033583500005072. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES