Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1989 Oct;63(10):4422–4425. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.10.4422-4425.1989

Trans activation by the bovine papillomavirus E2 protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

L C Morrissey 1, J Barsoum 1, E J Androphy 1
PMCID: PMC251061  PMID: 2550673

Abstract

The papillomavirus E2 protein functions as an enhancer-binding factor to promote transcription in mammalian cells. We found that one copy of the E2 binding site acted as an E2 protein-dependent upstream activating sequence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Additional copies of the binding motif further augmented transcription. These results imply that the E2 protein functionally interacts with highly conserved transcriptional elements.

Full text

PDF

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Androphy E. J., Lowy D. R., Schiller J. T. Bovine papillomavirus E2 trans-activating gene product binds to specific sites in papillomavirus DNA. Nature. 1987 Jan 1;325(6099):70–73. doi: 10.1038/325070a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Chen W., Tabor S., Struhl K. Distinguishing between mechanisms of eukaryotic transcriptional activation with bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. Cell. 1987 Sep 25;50(7):1047–1055. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90171-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chin M. T., Hirochika R., Hirochika H., Broker T. R., Chow L. T. Regulation of human papillomavirus type 11 enhancer and E6 promoter by activating and repressing proteins from the E2 open reading frame: functional and biochemical studies. J Virol. 1988 Aug;62(8):2994–3002. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.8.2994-3002.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dostatni N., Thierry F., Yaniv M. A dimer of BPV-1 E2 containing a protease resistant core interacts with its DNA target. EMBO J. 1988 Dec 1;7(12):3807–3816. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03265.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Giniger E., Ptashne M. Transcription in yeast activated by a putative amphipathic alpha helix linked to a DNA binding unit. Nature. 1987 Dec 17;330(6149):670–672. doi: 10.1038/330670a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Giri I., Yaniv M. Structural and mutational analysis of E2 trans-activating proteins of papillomaviruses reveals three distinct functional domains. EMBO J. 1988 Sep;7(9):2823–2829. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03138.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Guarente L., Mason T. Heme regulates transcription of the CYC1 gene of S. cerevisiae via an upstream activation site. Cell. 1983 Apr;32(4):1279–1286. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90309-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Guarente L. UASs and enhancers: common mechanism of transcriptional activation in yeast and mammals. Cell. 1988 Feb 12;52(3):303–305. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(88)80020-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Guarente L. Yeast promoters and lacZ fusions designed to study expression of cloned genes in yeast. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:181–191. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01013-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Guarente L., Yocum R. R., Gifford P. A GAL10-CYC1 hybrid yeast promoter identifies the GAL4 regulatory region as an upstream site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Dec;79(23):7410–7414. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.23.7410. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Harshman K. D., Moye-Rowley W. S., Parker C. S. Transcriptional activation by the SV40 AP-1 recognition element in yeast is mediated by a factor similar to AP-1 that is distinct from GCN4. Cell. 1988 Apr 22;53(2):321–330. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90393-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Haugen T. H., Cripe T. P., Ginder G. D., Karin M., Turek L. P. Trans-activation of an upstream early gene promoter of bovine papilloma virus-1 by a product of the viral E2 gene. EMBO J. 1987 Jan;6(1):145–152. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04732.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Haugen T. H., Turek L. P., Mercurio F. M., Cripe T. P., Olson B. J., Anderson R. D., Seidl D., Karin M., Schiller J. Sequence-specific and general transcriptional activation by the bovine papillomavirus-1 E2 trans-activator require an N-terminal amphipathic helix-containing E2 domain. EMBO J. 1988 Dec 20;7(13):4245–4253. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03322.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hawley-Nelson P., Androphy E. J., Lowy D. R., Schiller J. T. The specific DNA recognition sequence of the bovine papillomavirus E2 protein is an E2-dependent enhancer. EMBO J. 1988 Feb;7(2):525–531. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02841.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hirochika H., Broker T. R., Chow L. T. Enhancers and trans-acting E2 transcriptional factors of papillomaviruses. J Virol. 1987 Aug;61(8):2599–2606. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.8.2599-2606.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hope I. A., Mahadevan S., Struhl K. Structural and functional characterization of the short acidic transcriptional activation region of yeast GCN4 protein. Nature. 1988 Jun 16;333(6174):635–640. doi: 10.1038/333635a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hubbert N. L., Schiller J. T., Lowy D. R., Androphy E. J. Bovine papilloma virus-transformed cells contain multiple E2 proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Aug;85(16):5864–5868. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.16.5864. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Ito H., Fukuda Y., Murata K., Kimura A. Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations. J Bacteriol. 1983 Jan;153(1):163–168. doi: 10.1128/jb.153.1.163-168.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kakidani H., Ptashne M. GAL4 activates gene expression in mammalian cells. Cell. 1988 Jan 29;52(2):161–167. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90504-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Lambert P. F., Dostatni N., McBride A. A., Yaniv M., Howley P. M., Arcangioli B. Functional analysis of the papilloma virus E2 trans-activator in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Dev. 1989 Jan;3(1):38–48. doi: 10.1101/gad.3.1.38. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Lambert P. F., Spalholz B. A., Howley P. M. A transcriptional repressor encoded by BPV-1 shares a common carboxy-terminal domain with the E2 transactivator. Cell. 1987 Jul 3;50(1):69–78. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90663-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lech K., Anderson K., Brent R. DNA-bound Fos proteins activate transcription in yeast. Cell. 1988 Jan 29;52(2):179–184. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90506-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Lin Y. S., Carey M. F., Ptashne M., Green M. R. GAL4 derivatives function alone and synergistically with mammalian activators in vitro. Cell. 1988 Aug 26;54(5):659–664. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(88)80010-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Ma J., Ptashne M. A new class of yeast transcriptional activators. Cell. 1987 Oct 9;51(1):113–119. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90015-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. McBride A. A., Byrne J. C., Howley P. M. E2 polypeptides encoded by bovine papillomavirus type 1 form dimers through the common carboxyl-terminal domain: transactivation is mediated by the conserved amino-terminal domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jan;86(2):510–514. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.2.510. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. McBride A. A., Schlegel R., Howley P. M. The carboxy-terminal domain shared by the bovine papillomavirus E2 transactivator and repressor proteins contains a specific DNA binding activity. EMBO J. 1988 Feb;7(2):533–539. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02842.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Moskaluk C. A., Bastia D. Interaction of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 E2 transcriptional control protein with the viral enhancer: purification of the DNA-binding domain and analysis of its contact points with DNA. J Virol. 1988 Jun;62(6):1925–1931. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.6.1925-1931.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Moskaluk C., Bastia D. DNA bending is induced in an enhancer by the DNA-binding domain of the bovine papillomavirus E2 protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(6):1826–1830. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.6.1826. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Ptashne M. How eukaryotic transcriptional activators work. Nature. 1988 Oct 20;335(6192):683–689. doi: 10.1038/335683a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Schena M., Yamamoto K. R. Mammalian glucocorticoid receptor derivatives enhance transcription in yeast. Science. 1988 Aug 19;241(4868):965–967. doi: 10.1126/science.3043665. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Spalholz B. A., Byrne J. C., Howley P. M. Evidence for cooperativity between E2 binding sites in E2 trans-regulation of bovine papillomavirus type 1. J Virol. 1988 Sep;62(9):3143–3150. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.9.3143-3150.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Spalholz B. A., Yang Y. C., Howley P. M. Transactivation of a bovine papilloma virus transcriptional regulatory element by the E2 gene product. Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):183–191. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80114-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Webster N., Jin J. R., Green S., Hollis M., Chambon P. The yeast UASG is a transcriptional enhancer in human HeLa cells in the presence of the GAL4 trans-activator. Cell. 1988 Jan 29;52(2):169–178. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90505-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES