Skip to main content
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1989 Oct;63(10):4438–4440. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.10.4438-4440.1989

Functional significance of phosphorylation to the human immunodeficiency virus Rev protein.

A W Cochrane 1, E Golub 1, D Volsky 1, S Ruben 1, C A Rosen 1
PMCID: PMC251065  PMID: 2550674

Abstract

The human immunodeficiency virus Rev protein is posttranslationally modified by a serine kinase activity present in the nucleus of the cell. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify the site of phosphorylation. Changing of serine residues 92 and 99 dramatically reduced Rev phosphorylation, suggesting that at least one, if not both, of these residues is the one recognized by the Rev-specific serine kinase. Similarly, a truncated Rev protein lacking the 25 carboxy-terminal amino acids was not phosphorylated. By using two independent assays, both the serine mutant proteins and the truncated form of Rev were found to be fully functional. Thus, phosphorylation and the 25 carboxy-terminal amino acids appear to be dispensable for protein function.

Full text

PDF
4438

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arya S. K., Guo C., Josephs S. F., Wong-Staal F. Trans-activator gene of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III). Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):69–73. doi: 10.1126/science.2990040. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cochrane A., Kramer R., Ruben S., Levine J., Rosen C. A. The human immunodeficiency virus rev protein is a nuclear phosphoprotein. Virology. 1989 Jul;171(1):264–266. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90535-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cullen B. R., Hauber J., Campbell K., Sodroski J. G., Haseltine W. A., Rosen C. A. Subcellular localization of the human immunodeficiency virus trans-acting art gene product. J Virol. 1988 Jul;62(7):2498–2501. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.7.2498-2501.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cullen B. R. Trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus occurs via a bimodal mechanism. Cell. 1986 Sep 26;46(7):973–982. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90696-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cullen B. R. Use of eukaryotic expression technology in the functional analysis of cloned genes. Methods Enzymol. 1987;152:684–704. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)52074-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dayton A. I., Sodroski J. G., Rosen C. A., Goh W. C., Haseltine W. A. The trans-activator gene of the human T cell lymphotropic virus type III is required for replication. Cell. 1986 Mar 28;44(6):941–947. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90017-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Feinberg M. B., Jarrett R. F., Aldovini A., Gallo R. C., Wong-Staal F. HTLV-III expression and production involve complex regulation at the levels of splicing and translation of viral RNA. Cell. 1986 Sep 12;46(6):807–817. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90062-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fisher A. G., Feinberg M. B., Josephs S. F., Harper M. E., Marselle L. M., Reyes G., Gonda M. A., Aldovini A., Debouk C., Gallo R. C. The trans-activator gene of HTLV-III is essential for virus replication. 1986 Mar 27-Apr 2Nature. 320(6060):367–371. doi: 10.1038/320367a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gorman C. M., Moffat L. F., Howard B. H. Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Sep;2(9):1044–1051. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.9.1044. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hauber J., Bouvier M., Malim M. H., Cullen B. R. Phosphorylation of the rev gene product of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol. 1988 Dec;62(12):4801–4804. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.12.4801-4804.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hauber J., Perkins A., Heimer E. P., Cullen B. R. Trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus gene expression is mediated by nuclear events. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Sep;84(18):6364–6368. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.18.6364. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kao S. Y., Calman A. F., Luciw P. A., Peterlin B. M. Anti-termination of transcription within the long terminal repeat of HIV-1 by tat gene product. Nature. 1987 Dec 3;330(6147):489–493. doi: 10.1038/330489a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Knight D. M., Flomerfelt F. A., Ghrayeb J. Expression of the art/trs protein of HIV and study of its role in viral envelope synthesis. Science. 1987 May 15;236(4803):837–840. doi: 10.1126/science.3033827. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kunkel T. A. Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(2):488–492. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.2.488. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Muesing M. A., Smith D. H., Capon D. J. Regulation of mRNA accumulation by a human immunodeficiency virus trans-activator protein. Cell. 1987 Feb 27;48(4):691–701. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90247-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Perkins A., Cochrane A. W., Ruben S. M., Rosen C. A. Structural and functional characterization of the human immunodeficiency virus rev protein. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1989;2(3):256–263. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Peterlin B. M., Luciw P. A., Barr P. J., Walker M. D. Elevated levels of mRNA can account for the trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(24):9734–9738. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.24.9734. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Rosen C. A., Sodroski J. G., Goh W. C., Dayton A. I., Lippke J., Haseltine W. A. Post-transcriptional regulation accounts for the trans-activation of the human T-lymphotropic virus type III. Nature. 1986 Feb 13;319(6054):555–559. doi: 10.1038/319555a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rosen C. A., Terwilliger E., Dayton A., Sodroski J. G., Haseltine W. A. Intragenic cis-acting art gene-responsive sequences of the human immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(7):2071–2075. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.7.2071. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Sakai K., Dewhurst S., Ma X. Y., Volsky D. J. Differences in cytopathogenicity and host cell range among infectious molecular clones of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 simultaneously isolated from an individual. J Virol. 1988 Nov;62(11):4078–4085. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.11.4078-4085.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Sodroski J., Goh W. C., Rosen C., Dayton A., Terwilliger E., Haseltine W. A second post-transcriptional trans-activator gene required for HTLV-III replication. Nature. 1986 May 22;321(6068):412–417. doi: 10.1038/321412a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Sodroski J., Rosen C., Wong-Staal F., Salahuddin S. Z., Popovic M., Arya S., Gallo R. C., Haseltine W. A. Trans-acting transcriptional regulation of human T-cell leukemia virus type III long terminal repeat. Science. 1985 Jan 11;227(4683):171–173. doi: 10.1126/science.2981427. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Terwilliger E., Burghoff R., Sia R., Sodroski J., Haseltine W., Rosen C. The art gene product of human immunodeficiency virus is required for replication. J Virol. 1988 Feb;62(2):655–658. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.2.655-658.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Vogel J., Hinrichs S. H., Reynolds R. K., Luciw P. A., Jay G. The HIV tat gene induces dermal lesions resembling Kaposi's sarcoma in transgenic mice. Nature. 1988 Oct 13;335(6191):606–611. doi: 10.1038/335606a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES