Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1972 Oct;112(1):618–621. doi: 10.1128/jb.112.1.618-621.1972

Exosporium Formation in Sporulating Cells of Clostridium botulinum 78A1

Kenneth E Stevenson a,2, Reese H Vaughn a
PMCID: PMC251453  PMID: 4562412

Abstract

In sporulating cells of Clostridium botulinum type A (NCA strain 78A), formation of exosporia was initiated laterally in the sporangia before the synthesis of the spore cortex. Mature spores were enveloped by multilayered exosporia; the layers were uniform in appearance, approximately 3 nm thick, with a center-to-center distance of 7 nm.

Full text

PDF
618

Images in this article

619Image
on p.619
620Image
on p.620
620Image
on p.620

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Fitz-James P. C. MORPHOLOGY OF SPORE DEVELOPMENT IN CLOSTRIDIUM PECTINOVORUM. J Bacteriol. 1962 Jul;84(1):104–114. doi: 10.1128/jb.84.1.104-114.1962. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. GERHARDT P., RIBI E. ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE EXOSPORIUM ENVELOPING SPORES OF BACILLUS CEREUS. J Bacteriol. 1964 Dec;88:1774–1789. doi: 10.1128/jb.88.6.1774-1789.1964. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Grecz N., Lin C. A., Tang T., So W. L., Sehgal L. R. The nature of heat resistant toxin in spores of Clostridium botulinum. Jpn J Microbiol. 1967 Dec;11(4):384–394. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1967.tb00362.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. HASHIMOTO T., NAYLOR H. B. Studies of the fine structure of microorganisms. II. Electron microscopic studies on sporulation of Clostridium sporogenes. J Bacteriol. 1958 Jun;75(6):647–653. doi: 10.1128/jb.75.6.647-653.1958. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Hodgkiss W., Ordal Z. J., Cann D. C. The morphology and ultrastructure of the spore and exosporium of some Clostridium species. J Gen Microbiol. 1967 May;47(2):213–225. doi: 10.1099/00221287-47-2-213. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hoeniger J. F., Headley C. L. Cytology of spore germination in Clostridium pectinovorum. J Bacteriol. 1968 Nov;96(5):1835–1847. doi: 10.1128/jb.96.5.1835-1847.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hoeniger J. F., Headley C. L. Ultrastructural aspects of spore germination and outgrowth in Clostridium sporogenes. Can J Microbiol. 1969 Sep;15(9):1061–1065. doi: 10.1139/m69-189. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hoeniger J. F., Stuart P. F., Holt S. C. Cytology of spore formation in Clostridium perfringens. J Bacteriol. 1968 Nov;96(5):1818–1834. doi: 10.1128/jb.96.5.1818-1834.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Holt S. C., Leadbetter E. R. Comparative ultrastructure of selected aerobic spore-forming bacteria: a freeze-etching study. Bacteriol Rev. 1969 Jun;33(2):346–378. doi: 10.1128/br.33.2.346-378.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Lee W. H., Riemann H. Correlation of toxic and non-toxic strains of Clostridium botulinum by DNA composition and homology. J Gen Microbiol. 1970 Jan;60(1):117–123. doi: 10.1099/00221287-60-1-117. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Pope L., Rode L. J. Spore fine structure in Clostridium cochlearium. J Bacteriol. 1969 Nov;100(2):994–1001. doi: 10.1128/jb.100.2.994-1001.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Pope L., Yolton D. P., Rode L. J. Appendages of Clostridium bifermentans spores. J Bacteriol. 1967 Oct;94(4):1206–1215. doi: 10.1128/jb.94.4.1206-1215.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Samsonoff W. A., Hashimoto T., Conti S. F. Ultrastructural changes associated with germination and outgrowth of an appendage-bearing clostridial spore. J Bacteriol. 1970 Mar;101(3):1038–1045. doi: 10.1128/jb.101.3.1038-1045.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Santo L. M., Hohl H. R., Frank H. A. Ultrastructure of putrefactive anaerobe 3679h during sporulation. J Bacteriol. 1969 Sep;99(3):824–833. doi: 10.1128/jb.99.3.824-833.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Stevenson K. E., Vaughn R. H., Crisan E. V. Fixation of mature spores of Clostridium botulinum. J Bacteriol. 1972 Mar;109(3):1295–1297. doi: 10.1128/jb.109.3.1295-1297.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Takagi A., Nakamura K., Ueda M. Electron microscope studies of the intracytoplasmic membrane system in Clostridium tetani and Clostridium botulinum. Jpn J Microbiol. 1965 Sep;9(3):131–143. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1965.tb00282.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Walker P. D. Symposium on bacterial spores: I. Cytology of spore formation and germination. J Appl Bacteriol. 1970 Mar;33(1):1–12. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1970.tb05229.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Yolton D. P., Pope L., Williams M. G., Rode L. J. Further electron microscope characterization of spore appendages of Clostridium bifermentans. J Bacteriol. 1968 Jan;95(1):231–238. doi: 10.1128/jb.95.1.231-238.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES