Abstract
The membrane phospholipids of an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph of Escherichia coli were found to undergo turnover. These phospholipids were excreted into the culture medium, and were replaced in the cell with newly synthesized phospholipids. Phospholipids of growing cells supplemented with elaidic acid underwent rapid turnover, while those of cells supplemented with oleate, or cis-vaccenate plus palmitoleate, underwent slow turnover. Starvation for required amino acids stimulated this turnover in the latter two cases. Protein was also lost from growing cells. However, after amino acid starvation this loss ceased while phospholipid turnover continued. Electron micrographs of growing cells indicated that large pieces of membrane-like material were separating from the cell surface.
Full text
PDF











Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Ames G. F. Lipids of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli: structure and metabolism. J Bacteriol. 1968 Mar;95(3):833–843. doi: 10.1128/jb.95.3.833-843.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Crowfoot P. D., Esfahani M., Wakil S. J. Relation between protein synthesis and phospholipid synthesis and turnover in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1972 Dec;112(3):1408–1415. doi: 10.1128/jb.112.3.1408-1415.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Crowfoot P. D., Hunt A. L. The effect of oxygen tension on methylene hexadecanoic acid formation in Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1970 May 5;202(3):550–552. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(70)90127-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Esfahani M., Barnes E. M., Jr, Wakil S. J. Control of fatty acid composition in phospholipids of Escherichia coli: response to fatty acid supplements in a fatty acid auxotroph. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Nov;64(3):1057–1064. doi: 10.1073/pnas.64.3.1057. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Esfahani M., Ioneda T., Wakil S. J. Studies on the control of fatty acid metabolism. 3. Incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids and regulation of fatty acid synthetase of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1971 Jan 10;246(1):50–56. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Esfahani M., Limbrick A. R., Knutton S., Oka T., Wakil S. J. The molecular organization of lipids in the membrane of Escherichia coli: phase transitions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Dec;68(12):3180–3184. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.12.3180. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fox C. F. A lipid requirement for induction of lactose transport in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Jul;63(3):850–855. doi: 10.1073/pnas.63.3.850. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fox C. F., Law J. H., Tsukagoshi N., Wilson G. A density label for membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1970 Oct;67(2):598–605. doi: 10.1073/pnas.67.2.598. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Freeman C. P., West D. Complete separation of lipid classes on a single thin-layer plate. J Lipid Res. 1966 Mar;7(2):324–327. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Henning U., Dennert G., Rehn K., Deppe G. Effects of oleate starvation in a fatty acid auxotroph of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1969 May;98(2):784–796. doi: 10.1128/jb.98.2.784-796.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KANFER J., KENNEDY E. P. METABOLISM AND FUNCTION OF BACTERIAL LIPIDS. I. METABOLISM OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI B. J Biol Chem. 1963 Sep;238:2919–2922. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kanemasa Y., Akamatsu Y., Nojima S. Composition and turnover of the phospholipids in Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1967 Oct 2;144(2):382–390. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Knox K. W., Cullen J., Work E. An extracellular lipopolysaccharide-phospholipid-protein complex produced by Escherichia coli grown under lysine-limiting conditions. Biochem J. 1967 Apr;103(1):192–201. doi: 10.1042/bj1030192. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Knox K. W., Vesk M., Work E. Relation between excreted lipopolysaccharide complexes and surface structures of a lysine-limited culture of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1966 Oct;92(4):1206–1217. doi: 10.1128/jb.92.4.1206-1217.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LUFT J. H. Improvements in epoxy resin embedding methods. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1961 Feb;9:409–414. doi: 10.1083/jcb.9.2.409. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rothfield L., Pearlman-Kothencz M. Synthesis and assembly of bacterial membrane components. A lipopolysaccharide-phospholipid-protein complex excreted by living bacteria. J Mol Biol. 1969 Sep 28;44(3):477–492. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90374-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Silbert D. F. Arrangement of fatty acyl groups in phosphatidylethanolamine from a fatty acid auxotroph of Escherichia coli. Biochemistry. 1970 Sep 1;9(18):3631–3640. doi: 10.1021/bi00820a021. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Silbert D. F., Ruch F., Vagelos P. R. Fatty acid replacements in a fatty acid auxotroph of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1968 May;95(5):1658–1665. doi: 10.1128/jb.95.5.1658-1665.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wilson G., Fox C. F. Biogenesis of microbial transport systems: evidnce for coupled incorporation of newly synthesized lipids and proteins into membrane. J Mol Biol. 1971 Jan 14;55(1):49–60. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90280-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]