Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Abed R. T., Neira-Munoz E. A survey of general practitioners' opinion and attitude to drug addicts and addiction. Br J Addict. 1990 Jan;85(1):131–136. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb00632.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Baekeland F., Lundwall L. Dropping out of treatment: a critical review. Psychol Bull. 1975 Sep;82(5):738–783. doi: 10.1037/h0077132. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Baillie A. J., Webster P., Mattick R. P. An Australian survey of the procedures used for the treatment of opiate users. Drug Alcohol Rev. 1992;11(4):343–354. doi: 10.1080/09595239200185471. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bale R. N., Van Stone W. W., Kuldau J. M., Engelsing T. M., Elashoff R. M., Zarcone V. P., Jr Therapeutic communities vs methadone maintenance. A prospective controlled study of narcotic addiction treatment: design and one-year follow-up. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1980 Feb;37(2):179–193. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780150069008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Battersby M., Farrell M., Gossop M., Robson P., Strang J. 'Horse trading': prescribing injectable opiates to opiate addicts. A descriptive study. Drug Alcohol Rev. 1992;11(1):35–42. doi: 10.1080/09595239200185061. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bell J., Hall W., Byth K. Changes in criminal activity after entering methadone maintenance. Br J Addict. 1992 Feb;87(2):251–258. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02699.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Binchy J. M., Molyneux E. M., Manning J. Accidental ingestion of methadone by children in Merseyside. BMJ. 1994 May 21;308(6940):1335–1336. doi: 10.1136/bmj.308.6940.1335. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown B. S., Watters J. K., Iglehart A. S. Methadone maintenance dosage levels and program retention. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1982;9(2):129–139. doi: 10.3109/00952998209002617. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown L. S., Jr, Chu A., Nemoto T., Ajuluchukwu D., Primm B. J. Human immunodeficiency virus infection in a cohort of intravenous drug users in New York City. Demographic, behavioral, and clinical features. N Y State J Med. 1989 Sep;89(9):506–510. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Caplehorn J. R., Bell J. Methadone dosage and retention of patients in maintenance treatment. Med J Aust. 1991 Feb 4;154(3):195–199. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chaisson R. E., Bacchetti P., Osmond D., Brodie B., Sande M. A., Moss A. R. Cocaine use and HIV infection in intravenous drug users in San Francisco. JAMA. 1989 Jan 27;261(4):561–565. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Condelli W. S., Dunteman G. H. Exposure to methadone programs and heroin use. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1993;19(1):65–78. doi: 10.3109/00952999309002666. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Craig R. J. Effectiveness of low-dose methadone maintenance for the treatment of inner city heroin addicts. Int J Addict. 1980 Jul;15(5):701–710. doi: 10.3109/10826088009040049. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cushman P., Jr Abstinence following detoxification and methadone maintenance treatment. Am J Med. 1978 Jul;65(1):46–52. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(78)90691-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- D'Aunno T., Vaughn T. E. Variations in methadone treatment practices. Results from a national study. JAMA. 1992 Jan 8;267(2):253–258. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Darke S., Baker A., Dixon J., Wodak A., Heather N. Drug use and HIV risk-taking behaviour among clients in methadone maintenance treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1992 Feb;29(3):263–268. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(92)90101-h. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Darke S., Hall W., Carless J. Drug use, injecting practices and sexual behaviour of opioid users in Sydney, Australia. Br J Addict. 1990 Dec;85(12):1603–1609. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01649.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Darke S., Hall W., Ross M., Wodak A. Benzodiazepine use and HIV risk-taking behaviour among injecting drug users. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1992 Oct;31(1):31–36. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(92)90005-w. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Des Jarlais D. C., Joseph H., Dole V. P. Long-term outcomes after termination from methadone maintenance treatment. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1981;362:231–238. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb12812.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dolan M. P., Black J. L., Deford H. A., Skinner J. R., Robinowitz R. Characteristics of drug abusers that discriminate needle-sharers. Public Health Rep. 1987 Jul-Aug;102(4):395–398. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dole V. P., Joseph H. Long-term outcome of patients treated with methadone maintenance. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1978;311:181–189. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1978.tb16775.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dole V. P., Joseph H. Methadone maintenance. Outcome after termination. N Y State J Med. 1977 Aug;77(9):1409–1412. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dole V. P., Robinson J. W., Orraca J., Towns E., Searcy P., Caine E. Methadone treatment of randomly selected criminal addicts. N Engl J Med. 1969 Jun 19;280(25):1372–1375. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196906192802502. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Drummer O. H., Syrjanen M., Opeskin K., Cordner S. Deaths of heroin addicts starting on a methadone maintenance programme. Lancet. 1990 Jan 13;335(8681):108–108. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90570-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Farrell M., Strang J. Drugs, HIV, and prisons. BMJ. 1991 Jun 22;302(6791):1477–1478. doi: 10.1136/bmj.302.6791.1477. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Farrell M., Strang J., Neeleman J., Reuter P. Policy on drug misuse in Europe. BMJ. 1994 Mar 5;308(6929):609–610. doi: 10.1136/bmj.308.6929.609. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Freedman R. R., Czertko G. A comparison of thrice weekly LAAM and daily methadone in employed heroin addicts. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1981 Nov;8(3):215–222. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(81)90064-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gearing F. R., Schweitzer M. D. An epidemiologic evaluation of long-term methadone maintenance treatment for heroin addiction. Am J Epidemiol. 1974 Aug;100(2):101–112. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Glanz A., Taylor C. Findings of a national survey of the role of general practitioners in the treatment of opiate misuse: extent of contact with opiate misusers. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1986 Aug 16;293(6544):427–430. doi: 10.1136/bmj.293.6544.427. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gunne L. M., Grönbladh L. The Swedish methadone maintenance program: a controlled study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1981 Jun;7(3):249–256. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(81)90096-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gurling H. M., Curtis D., Murray R. M. Psychological deficit from excessive alcohol consumption: evidence from a co-twin control study. Br J Addict. 1991 Feb;86(2):151–155. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01765.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Handal P. J., Lander J. J. Methadone treatment: program evaluation and dose response relationships. Int J Addict. 1976;11(3):363–375. doi: 10.3109/10826087609056156. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harford R. J., Kleber H. D. Comparative validity of random-interval and fixed-interval urinalysis schedules. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1978 Mar;35(3):356–359. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1978.01770270106010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hartgers C., van den Hoek A., Krijnen P., Coutinho R. A. HIV prevalence and risk behavior among injecting drug users who participate in "low-threshold" methadone programs in Amsterdam. Am J Public Health. 1992 Apr;82(4):547–551. doi: 10.2105/ajph.82.4.547. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Iguchi M. Y., Stitzer M. L., Bigelow G. E., Liebson I. A. Contingency management in methadone maintenance: effects of reinforcing and aversive consequences on illicit polydrug use. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1988 Oct;22(1-2):1–7. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(88)90030-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Joe G. W., Simpson D. D., Hubbard R. L. Treatment predictors of tenure in methadone maintenance. J Subst Abuse. 1991;3(1):73–84. doi: 10.1016/s0899-3289(05)80007-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Johnson R. E., Jaffe J. H., Fudala P. J. A controlled trial of buprenorphine treatment for opioid dependence. JAMA. 1992 May 27;267(20):2750–2755. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klee H., Faugier J., Hayes C., Morris J. The sharing of injecting equipment among drug users attending prescribing clinics and those using needle-exchanges. Br J Addict. 1991 Feb;86(2):217–223. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01771.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Liebson I., Bigelow G., Flamer R. Alcoholism among methadone patients: a specific treatment method. Am J Psychiatry. 1973 Apr;130(4):483–485. doi: 10.1176/ajp.130.4.483. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ling W., Charuvastra C., Kaim S. C., Klett C. J. Methadyl acetate and methadone as maintenance treatments for heroin addicts. A veterans administration cooperative study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1976 Jun;33(6):709–720. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770060043007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maddux J. F., Esquivel M., Vogtsberger K. N., Desmond D. P. Methadone dose and urine morphine. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1991;8(4):195–201. doi: 10.1016/0740-5472(91)90039-d. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marmor M., Des Jarlais D. C., Cohen H., Friedman S. R., Beatrice S. T., Dubin N., el-Sadr W., Mildvan D., Yancovitz S., Mathur U. Risk factors for infection with human immunodeficiency virus among intravenous drug abusers in New York City. AIDS. 1987 May;1(1):39–44. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McGlothlin W. H., Anglin M. D. Long-term follow-up of clients of high- and low-dose methadone programs. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1981 Sep;38(9):1055–1063. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780340107013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McGlothlin W. H., Anglin M. D. Shutting off methadone. Costs and benefits. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1981 Aug;38(8):885–892. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780330043004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McLellan A. T., Arndt I. O., Metzger D. S., Woody G. E., O'Brien C. P. The effects of psychosocial services in substance abuse treatment. JAMA. 1993 Apr 21;269(15):1953–1959. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McLellan A. T., Woody G. E., Luborsky L., Goehl L. Is the counselor an "active ingredient" in substance abuse rehabilitation? An examination of treatment success among four counselors. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1988 Jul;176(7):423–430. doi: 10.1097/00005053-198807000-00004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Metzger D., Woody G., De Philippis D., McLellan A. T., O'Brien C. P., Platt J. J. Risk factors for needle sharing among methadone-treated patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1991 May;148(5):636–640. doi: 10.1176/ajp.148.5.636. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Milby J. B. Methadone maintenance to abstinence. How many make it? J Nerv Ment Dis. 1988 Jul;176(7):409–422. doi: 10.1097/00005053-198807000-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Newman R. G., Peyser N. Methadone treatment: experiment and experience. J Psychoactive Drugs. 1991 Apr-Jun;23(2):115–121. doi: 10.1080/02791072.1991.10472230. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Newman R. G. What's so special about methadone maintenance? Drug Alcohol Rev. 1991;10(3):225–232. doi: 10.1080/09595239100185261. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Newman R. G., Whitehill W. B. Double-blind comparison of methadone and placebo maintenance treatments of narcotic addicts in Hong Kong. Lancet. 1979 Sep 8;2(8141):485–488. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(79)91550-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nolimal D., Crowley T. J. Difficulties in a clinical application of methadone-dose contingency contracting. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1990;7(4):219–224. doi: 10.1016/0740-5472(90)90044-q. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Novick D. M., Joseph H., Croxson T. S., Salsitz E. A., Wang G., Richman B. L., Poretsky L., Keefe J. B., Whimbey E. Absence of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus in long-term, socially rehabilitated methadone maintenance patients. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Jan;150(1):97–99. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Payne-James J. J., Dean P. J., Keys D. W. Drug misusers in police custody: a prospective survey. J R Soc Med. 1994 Jan;87(1):13–14. doi: 10.1177/014107689408700107. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schoenbaum E. E., Hartel D., Selwyn P. A., Klein R. S., Davenny K., Rogers M., Feiner C., Friedland G. Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection in intravenous drug users. N Engl J Med. 1989 Sep 28;321(13):874–879. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198909283211306. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Selwyn P. A., Feiner C., Cox C. P., Lipshutz C., Cohen R. L. Knowledge about AIDS and high-risk behavior among intravenous drug users in New York City. AIDS. 1987 Dec;1(4):247–254. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Siassi I., Angle B. P., Alston D. C. Comparison of the effect of high and low doses of methadone on treatment outcome. Int J Addict. 1977 Dec;12(8):993–1005. doi: 10.3109/10826087709027267. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simpson D. D. The relation of time spent in drug abuse treatment to posttreatment outcome. Am J Psychiatry. 1979 Nov;136(11):1449–1453. doi: 10.1176/ajp.136.11.1449. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simpson D. D. Treatment for drug abuse. Follow-up outcomes and length of time spent. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1981 Aug;38(8):875–880. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780330033003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stimmel B., Goldberg J., Cohen M., Rotkopf E. Detoxification from methadone maintenance: risk factors associated with relapse to narcotic use. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1978;311:173–180. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1978.tb16774.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stitzer M. L., Bickel W. K., Bigelow G. E., Liebson I. A. Effect of methadone dose contingencies on urinalysis test results of polydrug-abusing methadone-maintenance patients. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1986 Dec;18(4):341–348. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(86)90097-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Strain E. C., Stitzer M. L., Liebson I. A., Bigelow G. E. Dose-response effects of methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence. Ann Intern Med. 1993 Jul 1;119(1):23–27. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-119-1-199307010-00004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tennant F. S., Jr, Rawson R. A., Pumphrey E., Seecof R. Clinical experiences with 959 opioid-dependent patients treated with levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM). J Subst Abuse Treat. 1986;3(3):195–202. doi: 10.1016/0740-5472(86)90021-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Torrens M., San L., Peri J. M., Olle J. M. Cocaine abuse among heroin addicts in Spain. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1991 Jan;27(1):29–34. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(91)90083-b. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vanichseni S., Wongsuwan B., Choopanya K., Wongpanich K. A controlled trial of methadone maintenance in a population of intravenous drug users in Bangkok: implications for prevention of HIV. Int J Addict. 1991 Dec;26(12):1313–1320. doi: 10.3109/10826089109062163. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wilson P., Watson R., Ralston G. E. Methadone maintenance in general practice: patients, workload, and outcomes. BMJ. 1994 Sep 10;309(6955):641–644. doi: 10.1136/bmj.309.6955.641. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wolk J., Wodak A., Guinan J. J., Macaskill P., Simpson J. M. The effect of a needle and syringe exchange on a methadone maintenance unit. Br J Addict. 1990 Nov;85(11):1445–1450. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01627.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yancovitz S. R., Des Jarlais D. C., Peyser N. P., Drew E., Friedmann P., Trigg H. L., Robinson J. W. A randomized trial of an interim methadone maintenance clinic. Am J Public Health. 1991 Sep;81(9):1185–1191. doi: 10.2105/ajph.81.9.1185. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]