Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1983 Oct;48(1):157–169. doi: 10.1128/jvi.48.1.157-169.1983

The bacteriophage P4 alpha gene is the structural gene for bacteriophage P4-induced RNA polymerase.

K J Barrett, A Blinkova, G Arnold
PMCID: PMC255332  PMID: 6887349

Abstract

Two temperature-sensitive mutants of satellite phage P4 which do not synthesize P4 DNA at the nonpermissive temperature have been isolated. One of these phage is mutated in the P4 alpha gene. It complements a P4 delta mutant, but not a P4 alpha amber mutant; both mutants are phenotypically identical to alpha amber mutants in all properties studied. They synthesize P4 early proteins 1 and 2 as well as two additional P4-induced early proteins, 5 and 6, which are described here. P4 late proteins are not synthesized by these mutants and cannot be transactivated by helper phage P2. The mutants are unable to transactivate P2 late proteins from a P2 AB mutant. The P4 RNA polymerase activity which has been suggested to be involved in P4 DNA synthesis is not detected at the nonpermissive temperature. The P4 polymerase activity in partially purified extracts prepared from cells infected with the mutant at the permissive temperature is temperature sensitive. Reduced activity is found in vitro when these extracts are preincubated at 41 degrees C or assayed at temperatures higher than 37 degrees C. Thus, the P4 RNA polymerase is the product of the alpha gene. Temperature shift experiments show that the alpha gene product is required until late in the P4 cycle.

Full text

PDF
157

Images in this article

162Image
on p.162
163Image
on p.163
163Image
on p.163

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. BERTANI G. Studies on lysogenesis. I. The mode of phage liberation by lysogenic Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1951 Sep;62(3):293–300. doi: 10.1128/jb.62.3.293-300.1951. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Barrett K. J., Gibbs W., Calendar R. A transcribing activity induced by satellite phage P4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Oct;69(10):2986–2990. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.10.2986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Barrett K. J., Marsh M. L., Calendar R. Interactions between a satellite bacteriophage and its helper. J Mol Biol. 1976 Sep 25;106(3):683–707. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90259-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bouché J. P., Rowen L., Kornberg A. The RNA primer synthesized by primase to initiate phage G4 DNA replication. J Biol Chem. 1978 Feb 10;253(3):765–769. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bowden D. W., Twersky R. S., Calendar R. Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis mutants: their effect upon bacteriophage P2 and satellite bacteriophage P4 deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. J Bacteriol. 1975 Oct;124(1):167–175. doi: 10.1128/jb.124.1.167-175.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Calendar R., Lindqvist B., Sironi G., Clark A. J. Characterization of REP- mutants and their interaction with P2 phage. Virology. 1970 Jan;40(1):72–83. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90380-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. DULBECCO R., FREEMAN G. Plaque production by the polyoma virus. Virology. 1959 Jul;8(3):396–397. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(59)90043-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dürwald H., Hoffmann-Berling H. Endonuclease-I-deficient and ribonuclease I-deficient Escherichia coli mutants. J Mol Biol. 1968 Jul 14;34(2):331–346. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90257-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Geisselsoder J., Mandel M., Calendar R., Chattoraj D. K. In vivo transcription patterns of temperate coliphage P2. J Mol Biol. 1973 Jul 5;77(3):405–415. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90447-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Geisselsoder J., Youdarian P., Dehò G., Chidambaram M., Goldstein R., Ljungquist E. Mutants of satellite virus P4 that cannot derepress their bacteriophage P2 helper. J Mol Biol. 1981 May 5;148(1):1–19. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90232-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gellert M. DNA topoisomerases. Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:879–910. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.004311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gibbs W., Goldstein R. N., Wiener R., Lindqvist B., Calendar R. Satellite bacteriophage P4: characterization of mutants in two essential genes. Virology. 1973 May;53(1):24–39. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90462-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Greene J. R., Chelm B. K., Geiduschek E. P. SP01 gene 27 is required for viral late transcription. J Virol. 1982 Feb;41(2):715–720. doi: 10.1128/jvi.41.2.715-720.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Harris J. D., Calendar R. Transcription map of satellite coliphage P4. Virology. 1978 Apr;85(2):343–358. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90443-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Heintz N., Shub D. A. Transcriptional regulation of bacteriophage SPO1 protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro. J Virol. 1982 Jun;42(3):951–962. doi: 10.1128/jvi.42.3.951-962.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Inman R. B., Schnös M., Simon L. D., Six E. W., Walker D. H., Jr Some morphological properties of P4 bacteriophage and P4 DNA. Virology. 1971 Apr;44(1):67–72. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90153-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kahn M., Ow D., Sauer B., Rabinowitz A., Calendar R. Genetic analysis of bacteriophage P4 using P4-plasmid ColE1 hybrids. Mol Gen Genet. 1980 Feb;177(3):399–412. doi: 10.1007/BF00271478. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Lengyel J. A., Goldstein R. N., Marsh M., Calendar R. Structure of the bacteriophage P2 tail. Virology. 1974 Nov;62(1):161–174. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(74)90312-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Lengyel J. A., Goldstein R. N., Marsh M., Sunshine M. G., Calendar R. Bacteriophage P2 head morphogenesis: cleavage of the major capsid protein. Virology. 1973 May;53(1):1–23. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90461-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lindahl G. On the control of transcription in bacteriophage P2. Virology. 1971 Dec;46(3):620–633. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90065-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Lindqvist B. H., Bovre K. Asymmetric transcription of the coliphage P2 genome during infection. Virology. 1972 Sep;49(3):690–699. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90526-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Lindqvist B. H. Expression of phage transcription in P2 lysogens infected with helper-dependent coliphage P4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Jul;71(7):2752–2755. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.7.2752. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Lindqvist B. H., Sinsheimer R. L. Process of infection with bacteriophage phi-X174. XIV. Studies on macromolecular synthesis during infection with a lysis-defective mutant. J Mol Biol. 1967 Aug 28;28(1):87–94. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(67)80079-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Lindqvist B. H., Six E. W. Replication of bacteriophage P4 DNA in a nonlysogenic host. Virology. 1971 Jan;43(1):1–7. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90218-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Lindqvist B. H., Valla S., Six E. W. Control of gene activation of P2 prophage by satellite phage P4. Virology. 1978 Jun 15;87(2):231–238. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90128-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Rowen L., Kornberg A. Primase, the dnaG protein of Escherichia coli. An enzyme which starts DNA chains. J Biol Chem. 1978 Feb 10;253(3):758–764. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Sauer B., Ow D., Ling L., Calendar R. Mutants of satellite bacteriophage P4 that are defective in the suppression of transcriptional polarity. J Mol Biol. 1981 Jan 5;145(1):29–46. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90333-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Schaller H., Nüsslein C., Bonhoeffer F. J., Kurz C., Nietzschmann I. Affinity chromatography of DNA-binding enzymes on single-stranded DNA-agarose columns. Eur J Biochem. 1972 Apr 24;26(4):474–481. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb01789.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Shore D., Dehò G., Tsipis J., Goldstein R. Determination of capsid size by satellite bacteriophage P4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jan;75(1):400–404. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.1.400. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Six E. W., Klug C. A. Bacteriophage P4: a satellite virus depending on a helper such as prophage P2. Virology. 1973 Feb;51(2):327–344. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90432-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Six E. W., Lindqvist B. H. Multiplication of bacteriophage P4 in the absence of replication of the DNA of its helper. Virology. 1971 Jan;43(1):8–15. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90219-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Six E. W., Lindqvist B. H. Multiplication of bacteriophage P4 in the absence of replication of the DNA of its helper. Virology. 1971 Jan;43(1):8–15. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90219-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Six E. W., Lindqvist B. H. Mutual derepression in the P2-P4 bacteriophage system. Virology. 1978 Jun 15;87(2):217–230. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90127-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Souza L., Calendar R., Six E. W., Lindqvist B. H. A transactivation mutant of satellite phage P4. Virology. 1977 Aug;81(1):81–90. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90060-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Sunshine M. G., Thorn M., Gibbs W., Calendar R., Kelly B. P2 phage amber mutants: characterization by use of a polarity suppressor. Virology. 1971 Dec;46(3):691–702. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90071-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Sunshine M., Six E. Relief of P2 bacteriophage amber mutant polarity by the satellite bacteriophage P4. J Mol Biol. 1976 Sep 25;106(3):673–682. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90258-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Wang J. C., Martin K. V., Calendar R. On the sequence similarity of the cohesive ends of coliphage P4, P2, and 186 deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochemistry. 1973 May 22;12(11):2119–2123. doi: 10.1021/bi00735a016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES