Skip to main content
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1983 Dec;48(3):647–653. doi: 10.1128/jvi.48.3.647-653.1983

In vitro recombination of bacteriophage T7 DNA detected by a direct physical assay.

D Lee, P D Sadowski
PMCID: PMC255396  PMID: 6313964

Abstract

We developed a simple, direct, physical assay to detect genetic recombination of bacteriophage T7 DNA in vitro. In this assay two mature T7 DNA molecules, each having a unique restriction enzyme site, are incubated in the presence of a cell-free extract from T7-infected Escherichia coli cells. After extraction of the DNA, restriction enzyme digestion, and agarose gel electrophoresis, genetic recombination is detected by the appearance of a novel recombinant DNA band. Recombination frequencies as high as 13% have been observed. We used this assay to determine the genetic requirements for in vitro recombination. In agreement with results obtained previously with a biological assay, T7 recombination in vitro appears to proceed via two distinct pathways.

Full text

PDF
647

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Dressler D., Potter H. Molecular mechanisms in genetic recombination. Annu Rev Biochem. 1982;51:727–761. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.51.070182.003455. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Kerr C., Sadowski P. D. Packaging and maturation of DNA of bacteriophage T7 in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Sep;71(9):3545–3549. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.9.3545. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Kerr C., Sadowski P. D. The involvement of genes 3,4,5 and 6 in genetic recombination in bacteriophage T7. Virology. 1975 May;65(1):281–285. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90031-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Krüger D. H., Schroeder C. Bacteriophage T3 and bacteriophage T7 virus-host cell interactions. Microbiol Rev. 1981 Mar;45(1):9–51. doi: 10.1128/mr.45.1.9-51.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Lee D. D., Sadowski P. D. Bacteriophage T7 defective in the gene 6 exonuclease promotes site-specific cleavages of T7 DNA in vivo and in vitro. J Virol. 1982 Oct;44(1):235–240. doi: 10.1128/jvi.44.1.235-240.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Lee D., Sadowski P. D. Genetic recombination of bacteriophage T7 in vivo studied by use of a simple physical assay. J Virol. 1981 Dec;40(3):839–847. doi: 10.1128/jvi.40.3.839-847.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Lee M., Miller R. C., Jr, Scraba D., Paetkau V. The essential role of bacteriophage T7 endonuclease (gene 3) in molecular recombination. J Mol Biol. 1976 Jul 15;104(4):883–888. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90189-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Miller R. C., Jr, Lee M. The role of bacteriophage T7 exonuclease (gene 6) in genetic recombination and production of concatemers. J Mol Biol. 1976 Feb 25;101(2):223–234. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90374-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Powling A., Knippers R. Some functions involved in bacteriophage T7 genetic recombination. Mol Gen Genet. 1974;134(2):173–180. doi: 10.1007/BF00268418. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Prunell A. A photographic method to quantitate DNA in gel electrophoresis. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):353–358. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65045-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Pulleyblank D. E., Shure M., Vinograd J. The quantitation of fluorescence by photography. Nucleic Acids Res. 1977;4(5):1409–1418. doi: 10.1093/nar/4.5.1409. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Rigby P. W., Dieckmann M., Rhodes C., Berg P. Labeling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J Mol Biol. 1977 Jun 15;113(1):237–251. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90052-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Roberts L., Sheldon R., Sadowski P. D. Genetic recombination of bacteriophage T7 DNA in vitro. IV. Asymmetry of recombination frequencies caused by polarity of DNA packaging. Virology. 1978 Aug;89(1):252–261. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90057-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Roeder G. S., Sadowski P. D. Bacteriophage T7 morphogenesis: phage-related particles in cells infected with wild-type and mutant T7 phage. Virology. 1977 Jan;76(1):263–285. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90302-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Roeder G. S., Sadowski P. D. Pathways of recombination of bacteriophage T7 DNA in vitro. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1979;43(Pt 2):1023–1032. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1979.043.01.111. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Sadowski P. D. Genetic recombination of bacteriophage T7 DNA in vitro. II. Further properties of the in vitro recombination-packaging reaction. Virology. 1977 May 1;78(1):192–202. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90091-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Sadowski P. D., Vetter D. Genetic recombination of bacteriophage T7 DNA in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Mar;73(3):692–696. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.3.692. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Smith R. D., Miller R. C., Jr Plasmid-bacteriophage recombination. II. Density transfer analysis. Virology. 1982 Jun;119(2):439–449. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90103-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Smith R. D., Miller R. C., Jr Replication and plasmid-bacteriophage recombination. I. Marker rescue analysis. Virology. 1981 Dec;115(2):223–236. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90106-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Studier F. W. Bacteriophage T7. Science. 1972 Apr 28;176(4033):367–376. doi: 10.1126/science.176.4033.367. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Studier F. W. The genetics and physiology of bacteriophage T7. Virology. 1969 Nov;39(3):562–574. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(69)90104-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Tsujimoto Y., Ogawa H. Intermediates in genetic recombination of bacteriophage T7 DNA. Biological activity and the roles of gene 3 and gene 5. J Mol Biol. 1978 Nov 5;125(3):255–273. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90402-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Vlachopoulou P. J., Sadowksi P. D. Genetic recombination of bacteriophage T7 DNA in vitro III. A physical assay for recombinant DNA. Virology. 1977 May 1;78(1):203–215. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90092-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Wackernagel W., Hermanns U. Inhibition of exonuclease V after infection of E. coli by bacteriophage T7. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1974 Sep 23;60(2):521–527. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(74)90271-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES