Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Bulletin of the World Health Organization logoLink to Bulletin of the World Health Organization
. 1967;37(2):167–175.

Trends in research on the immunology of trypanosomiasis

W H R Lumsden
PMCID: PMC2554345  PMID: 4866447

Abstract

It was thought timely, in view of the increasingly close association between immunology and parasitology, to attempt a synthesis of research on trypanosomiasis immunology—research which may be expected both to lead to the solution of practical problems in this disease and to provide models for the study of basic immunological problems.

The author's discussion is based on four main applications of immunological knowledge: for diagnosis, for immunization of hosts, for explanation of pathological effects, and as a contribution to the understanding of cell function. Stress is laid on the importance of determining the range and extent of antigenic variation in trypanosome material, whether with a view to the development of reliable diagnostic tests (although quantitative estimation of IgM in serum and cerebrospinal fluid is a useful diagnostic tool circumventing the difficulties caused by antigenic variation during an infection) or for assessment of the possibility of developing antitrypanosomal vaccines. Emphasis is also placed, inter alia, on the need for standardization and determination of the purity of stabilate material exchanged between research laboratories.

Full text

PDF
167

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ANDERSON R. I., SADUN E. H., WILLIAMS J. S. A technique for the use of minute amounts of dried blood in the fluorescent antibody test for schistosomiasis. Exp Parasitol. 1961 Sep;11:111–116. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(61)90014-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Amrein Y. U. Genetic transfer in trypanosomes. I. Syngamy in Trypanosoma cruzi. Exp Parasitol. 1965 Dec;17(3):261–263. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(65)90067-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Amrein Y. U. Genetic transfer in trypanosomes. II. Genetic transformation in Trypanosoma equiperdum. Exp Parasitol. 1965 Dec;17(3):264–267. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(65)90068-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. CAIRNS H. J., WATSON G. S. Multiplicity reactivation of bacteriophage. Nature. 1956 Jan 21;177(4499):131–132. doi: 10.1038/177131a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. CHANDLER A. C., THILLET C. J., Jr Immunization against Trypanosoma lewisi in rats by injections of metabolic products. Science. 1957 Feb 22;125(3243):346–347. doi: 10.1126/science.125.3243.346. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. CUNNINGHAM M. P., LUMSDEN W. H., WEBBER W. A. PRESERVATION OF VIABLE TRYPANOSOMES IN LYMPH TUBES AT LOW TEMPERATURE. Exp Parasitol. 1963 Dec;14:280–284. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(63)90032-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. CUNNINGHAM M. P., VICKERMAN K. Antigenic analysis in the Trypanosoma brucei group, using the agglutination reaction. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1962 Jan;56:48–59. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(62)90088-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. DODIN A., FROMENTIN H., GLEYE M. [Demonstration of a vaccinal antigen in the plasma of mice experimentally infected by various species of Trypanosoma. II]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales. 1962 Mar-Apr;55:291–299. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. DOSTROVSKY A., COHEN H. A. Inhibition of intracutaneous leishmanin reaction by hydrocortisone acetate; comparison with cortisone, ACTH and hyaluronidase. J Invest Dermatol. 1957 Jul;29(1):15–26. doi: 10.1038/jid.1957.68. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. FEINBERG J. G., MORGAN W. T. J. The isolation of a specific substance and glycogen-like polysaccharide from Trichomonas foetus (var. Manley). Br J Exp Pathol. 1953 Feb;34(1):104–118. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. FIFE E. H., Jr, KENT J. F. Protein and carbohydrate complement fixing antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1960 Sep;9:512–517. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1960.9.512. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. GRAY A. R. ANTIGENIC VARIATION IN CLONES OF TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI. I. IMMUNOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF THE CLONES. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1965 Mar;59:27–36. doi: 10.1080/00034983.1965.11686278. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gray A. R. Antigenic variation in a strain of Trypanosoma brucei transmitted by Glossina morsitans and G. palpalis. J Gen Microbiol. 1965 Nov;41(2):195–214. doi: 10.1099/00221287-41-2-195. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hoare C. A. The classification of mammalian trypanosomes. Ergeb Mikrobiol Immunitatsforsch Exp Ther. 1966;39:43–57. doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-38353-7_3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. LUMSDEN W. H., CUNNINGHAM M. P., WEBBER W. A., VANHOEVE K., KNIGHT R. H., SIMMONS V. SOME EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION ON TRYPANOSOME NUMBERS AND INFECTIVITY. Exp Parasitol. 1965 Feb;16:8–17. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(65)90028-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. LUMSDEN W. H., CUNNINGHAM M. P., WEBBER W. A., VANHOEVE K., WALKER P. J. A METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF THE INFECTIVITY OF TRYPANOSOME SUSPENSIONS. Exp Parasitol. 1963 Dec;14:269–279. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(63)90031-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. MATTERN P. TECHNIQUES ET INT'ER ET 'EPID'EMIOLOGIQUE DU DIAGNOSTIC DE LA TRYPANOSOMIASE HUMAINE AFRICAINE PAR LA RECHERCHE DE LA BETA-MACROGLOBULINE DANS LE SANG ET DANS LE L.C.-R. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1964 Sep;107:415–421. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Mancini G., Carbonara A. O., Heremans J. F. Immunochemical quantitation of antigens by single radial immunodiffusion. Immunochemistry. 1965 Sep;2(3):235–254. doi: 10.1016/0019-2791(65)90004-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Miller J. K. Variation of the soluble antigens of Trypanosoma brucei. Immunology. 1965 Dec;9(6):521–528. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. POLGE C., SOLTYS M. A. Preservation of trypanosomes in the frozen state. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1957 Nov;51(6):519–526. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(57)90041-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. SEED J. R. THE CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIGENS ISOLATED FROM TRYPANOSOMA RHODESIENSE. J Protozool. 1963 Nov;10:380–389. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1963.tb01692.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. STEIN B., DESOWITZ R. S. THE MEASUREMENT OF ANTIBODY IN HUMAN MALARIA BY A FORMOLIZED TANNED SHEEP CELL HAEMAGGLUTINATION TEST. Bull World Health Organ. 1964;30:45–49. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. THURSTON J. P. The effect of immune sera on the respiration of Trypanosoma brucei in vitro. Parasitology. 1958 Nov;48(3-4):463–467. doi: 10.1017/s0031182000021417. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Thivolet J., Monier J. C., Lalain F., Richard M. M. Recherche quantitative simultanée des anticorps antinucléaires totaux et anti acide désoxyribonucléique sur frottis de sang de souris parasitées par Trypanosoma gambiense. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1965 Dec;109(6):817–830. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. VICKERMAN K. The mechanism of cyclical development in trypanosomes of the Trypanosoma brucei sub-group: an hypothesis based on ultrastructural observations. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1962 Nov;56:487–495. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(62)90072-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. WATKINS J. F. OBSERVATIONS ON ANTIGENIC VARIATION IN A STRAIN OF TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI GROWING IN MICE. J Hyg (Lond) 1964 Mar;62:69–80. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400039784. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. WEITZ B. IMMUNOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMES AND THEIR HOSTS. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1963 Dec 30;113:400–408. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb40678.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. WEITZ B. THE SPECIFICITY OF TRYPANOSOMAL ANTIGENS BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE. J Gen Microbiol. 1963 Jul;32:145–149. doi: 10.1099/00221287-32-1-145. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. WEITZ B. The properties of some antigens of Trypanosoma brucei. J Gen Microbiol. 1960 Dec;23:589–600. doi: 10.1099/00221287-23-3-589. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. WILLIAMS J. S., DUXBURY R. E., ANDERSON R. I., SADUN E. H. Fluorescent antibody reactions in Trypanosoma rhodesiense and T. gambiense in experimental animals. J Parasitol. 1963 Jun;49:380–384. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Bulletin of the World Health Organization are provided here courtesy of World Health Organization

RESOURCES