Abstract
The authors report on an investigation conducted in the Netherlands into the best method of active immunization of patients treated with antitetanus serum; the active immunization is conferred by two intramuscular injections of tetanus phosphate toxoid at one month's interval.
Trials were carried out on a total of 153 patients to determine the relative value of three treatment schemes: (a) the first vaccination and the serum injection given simultaneously but in different sites, (b) the first vaccination and the serum given in a single mixed inoculation, and (c) the first vaccination given one month after the serum injection. The results show that with simultaneous administration of vaccine and serum in different sites the patient acquires a reasonable antitoxin titre more rapidly than with either of the other schemes. Not only is he quickly protected, but he also receives his first vaccination at a psychologically opportune moment—when he is being treated for an accident.
The authors lay special stress on the value of booster injections and discuss the difference in immune response between those under and over 20 years of age.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- BIGLER J. A. Tetanus immunization; a 10 year study. AMA Am J Dis Child. 1951 Feb;81(2):226–232. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BOYER J., CORRE-HURST L., SAPIN-JALOUSTRE H., TISSIER M. Le tétanos en milieu urbain; conditions d'apparition; déductions prophylactiques. Presse Med. 1953 May 16;61(34):701–703. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Downie A. W., Glenny A. T., Parish H. J., Smith W., Wilson G. S. Combined Active and Passive Immunization against Diphtheria: I. Studies of Antitoxin Response in Normal Students. Br Med J. 1941 Nov 22;2(4220):717–723. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.4220.717. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ECKMANN L., BISAZ E. Tetanusprobleme in der Schweiz. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1956 Jun 2;86(22):641–645. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EDSALL G. Specific prophylaxis of tetanus. J Am Med Assoc. 1959 Sep 26;171:417–427. doi: 10.1001/jama.1959.73010220003012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FULFORD G. E. The prevention of tetanus. Lancet. 1960 May 21;1(7134):1121–1123. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(60)91002-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GIESBERGER H. A., DE ROVER G., TASMAN A. Het beland van een goede registratie van actief tegen tetanus geïmmuniseerde personen. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1958 Jun 7;102(23):1100–1101. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HASCHE KLUNDER R., PICHERT M. Tetanus-Prophylaxe durch a tive Immu nisierung. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1953 Oct 30;78(44):1499–1502. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1114989. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HENNICKE W. Zur Frage der aktiven Immunisierung gegen Tetanus. Dtsch Gesundheitsw. 1957 Mar 7;12(10):305–308. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HUBNER A. Probleme der Tetanusprophylaxe. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1958 Apr 4;83(14):555–559. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1114317. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KLINGENBERG H. G., MARESCH W. Gefahren der passiven Tatanusserumprophylaxe. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1958 Aug 15;70(33):606–609. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LANSBERG H. P. Shock na toediening van, gezuiverd serum. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1950 Jul 29;94(30):2201–2203. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MORL F. Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen der Serumtiterbestimmung bei der simultanen Tetanusprophylaxe. Langenbecks Arch Klin Chir Ver Dtsch Z Chir. 1954;279:209–213. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PARISH H. J., LAURENT L. J., MOYNIHAN N. H. Notes on prevention of tetanus in injured persons. Br Med J. 1957 Mar 16;1(5019):639–640. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5019.639. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REGAMEY R. H. L'immunisation active contre le tétanos. Ergeb Mikrobiol Immunitatsforsch Exp Ther. 1959;32:270–381. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REGAMEY R. H., SIMON K., WANTZ M. Prophylaxie du tétanos: injection associée de sérum et d'anatoxine. Schweiz Z Pathol Bakteriol. 1955;18(5):1157–1163. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REGAMEY R. H. Tétanos; incidences immunologiques. Praxis. 1955 Mar 24;44(12):268–contd. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SCHEIBEL I. The uses and results of active tetanus immunization. Bull World Health Organ. 1955;13(3):381–394. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SEIBOLD M., BACHMANN H. Die Wirkungsdauer der aktiven Tetanusschutzimpfung. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1955 Aug 19;80(33-34):1188–1189. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1116161. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- TASMAN A. [Anti-tetanus immunity]. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1959 Dec;97:835–847. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WRIGHT G. P. The use of A.T.S. in the treatment and prophylaxis of tetanus. Proc R Soc Med. 1958 Dec;51(12):997–1000. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wilkens G. L., Tasman A. On the Immunological Reactivity of Tuberculous Patients. Br Med J. 1959 Dec 12;2(5162):1305–1307. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5162.1305. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]