Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1987 Sep;61(9):2800–2806. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.9.2800-2806.1987

3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine inhibits the replication of avian leukosis virus.

J C Olsen, P Furman, J A Fyfe, R Swanstrom
PMCID: PMC255789  PMID: 2441079

Abstract

We tested the ability of the thymidine analog 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (BWA509U) to inhibit the replication of the retrovirus avian leukosis virus. Inhibition was measured with two different assays: inhibition of a single round of virus replication and inhibition of virus spread through a cell culture. With both assays, we detected inhibition of virus growth, although inhibition of a single round of virus replication required a 40-fold higher drug concentration than did inhibition of virus spread. We also detected variations in the concentrations of drug needed to inhibit virus replication in different cell types. Higher concentrations of drug were needed to inhibit virus replication in chicken embryo fibroblasts than in the continuous quail cell line QT6. Viral DNA synthesis in infected cells was shown to be inhibited in the presence of the drug. The triphosphate form of the analog acted as a competitive inhibitor of purified viral reverse transcriptase, with a Ki of 0.09 +/- 0.003 microM, and was incorporated as a chain terminator during reverse transcription of the natural viral RNA substrate in vitro.

Full text

PDF
2800

Images in this article

2804Image
on p.2804
2805Image
on p.2805

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Baltimore D. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of RNA tumour viruses. Nature. 1970 Jun 27;226(5252):1209–1211. doi: 10.1038/2261209a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Battula N., Loeb L. A. On the fidelity of DNA replication. Lack of exodeoxyribonuclease activity and error-correcting function in avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase. J Biol Chem. 1976 Feb 25;251(4):982–986. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. CLELAND W. W. Computer programmes for processing enzyme kinetic data. Nature. 1963 May 4;198:463–465. doi: 10.1038/198463a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. DeLorbe W. J., Luciw P. A., Goodman H. M., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M. Molecular cloning and characterization of avian sarcoma virus circular DNA molecules. J Virol. 1980 Oct;36(1):50–61. doi: 10.1128/jvi.36.1.50-61.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Furman P. A., Fyfe J. A., St Clair M. H., Weinhold K., Rideout J. L., Freeman G. A., Lehrman S. N., Bolognesi D. P., Broder S., Mitsuya H. Phosphorylation of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and selective interaction of the 5'-triphosphate with human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(21):8333–8337. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.21.8333. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Furman P. A., de Miranda P., St Clair M. H., Elion G. B. Metabolism of acyclovir in virus-infected and uninfected cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1981 Oct;20(4):518–524. doi: 10.1128/aac.20.4.518. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hirt B. Selective extraction of polyoma DNA from infected mouse cell cultures. J Mol Biol. 1967 Jun 14;26(2):365–369. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(67)90307-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hizi A., Leis J. P., Joklik W. K. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase of avian sarcoma virus B77. II. Comparison of the catalytic properties of the alpha, beta2, and alphabeta enzyme forms. J Biol Chem. 1977 Apr 10;252(7):2290–2295. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hughes S., Kosik E. Mutagenesis of the region between env and src of the SR-A strain of Rous sarcoma virus for the purpose of constructing helper-independent vectors. Virology. 1984 Jul 15;136(1):89–99. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90250-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kawai S., Nishizawa M. New procedure for DNA transfection with polycation and dimethyl sulfoxide. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Jun;4(6):1172–1174. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.6.1172. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Mitsuya H., Weinhold K. J., Furman P. A., St Clair M. H., Lehrman S. N., Gallo R. C., Bolognesi D., Barry D. W., Broder S. 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (BW A509U): an antiviral agent that inhibits the infectivity and cytopathic effect of human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(20):7096–7100. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.20.7096. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Moscovici C., Moscovici M. G., Jimenez H., Lai M. M., Hayman M. J., Vogt P. K. Continuous tissue culture cell lines derived from chemically induced tumors of Japanese quail. Cell. 1977 May;11(1):95–103. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90320-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Olsen J. C., Swanstrom R. A new pathway in the generation of defective retrovirus DNA. J Virol. 1985 Dec;56(3):779–789. doi: 10.1128/jvi.56.3.779-789.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ruprecht R. M., O'Brien L. G., Rossoni L. D., Nusinoff-Lehrman S. Suppression of mouse viraemia and retroviral disease by 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine. Nature. 1986 Oct 2;323(6087):467–469. doi: 10.1038/323467a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Schwartz D. E., Tizard R., Gilbert W. Nucleotide sequence of Rous sarcoma virus. Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):853–869. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90071-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Southern P. J., Berg P. Transformation of mammalian cells to antibiotic resistance with a bacterial gene under control of the SV40 early region promoter. J Mol Appl Genet. 1982;1(4):327–341. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Spector T., Hajian G. Statistical methods to distinguish competitive, noncompetitive, and uncompetitive enzyme inhibitors. Anal Biochem. 1981 Aug;115(2):403–409. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(81)90025-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Temin H. M., Mizutani S. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of Rous sarcoma virus. Nature. 1970 Jun 27;226(5252):1211–1213. doi: 10.1038/2261211a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Varmus H. E., Heasley S., Kung H. J., Oppermann H., Smith V. C., Bishop J. M., Shank P. R. Kinetics of synthesis, structure and purification of avian sarcoma virus-specific DNA made in the cytoplasm of acutely infected cells. J Mol Biol. 1978 Mar 25;120(1):55–82. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90295-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. WILKINSON G. N. Statistical estimations in enzyme kinetics. Biochem J. 1961 Aug;80:324–332. doi: 10.1042/bj0800324. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Wain-Hobson S., Alizon M., Montagnier L. Relationship of AIDS to other retroviruses. 1985 Feb 28-Mar 6Nature. 313(6005):743–743. doi: 10.1038/313743a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES