Abstract
DNAs isolated from individual mice of four AKR sublines (AKR/J, AKR/N, AKR/Cum, and AKR/Boy) were examined by hybridization of electrophoretically separated restriction enzyme fragments to a 500-base pair, 32P-labeled probe specific for env sequences of ecotropic murine leukemia virus. Variation in the number of proviral DNA copies and in their genomic organization, as reflected by the location of restriction enzyme sites in flanking cellular sequences, was observed both between and within AKR sublines. Evidence is presented for the continual acquisition of new proviruses in the four sublines studied. The ecotropic proviral DNA copies present in the four AKR sublines can be related to their genealogy; each subline contains two or three copies of proviral DNA in common with other sublines and from one to six unique ecotropic proviruses. Overall, a new copy appears about every 12 generations of inbreeding. Some of the unique proviral DNA copies contain internal alterations, as reflected by restriction enzyme maps that differ from those of prototype ecotropic proviruses.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Acton R. T., Blankenhorn E. P., Douglas T. C., Owen R. D., Hilgers J., Hoffman H. A., Boyse E. A. Variations among sublines of inbred AKR mice. Nat New Biol. 1973 Sep 5;245(140):8–10. doi: 10.1038/newbio245008a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blattner F. R., Blechl A. E., Denniston-Thompson K., Faber H. E., Richards J. E., Slightom J. L., Tucker P. W., Smithies O. Cloning human fetal gamma globin and mouse alpha-type globin DNA: preparation and screening of shotgun collections. Science. 1978 Dec 22;202(4374):1279–1284. doi: 10.1126/science.725603. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Buckler C. E., Hoggan M. D., Chan H. W., Sears J. F., Khan A. S., Moore J. L., Hartley J. W., Rowe W. P., Martin M. A. Cloning and characterization of an envelope-specific probe from xenotropic murine leukemia proviral DNA. J Virol. 1982 Jan;41(1):228–236. doi: 10.1128/jvi.41.1.228-236.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chan H. W., Bryan T., Moore J. L., Staal S. P., Rowe W. P., Martin M. A. Identification of ecotropic proviral sequences in inbred mouse strains with a cloned subgenomic DNA fragment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Oct;77(10):5779–5783. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.10.5779. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chattopadhyay S. K., Lander M. R., Rands E., Lowy D. R. Structure of endogenous murine leukemia virus DNA in mouse genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Oct;77(10):5774–5778. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.10.5774. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kozak C. A., Rowe W. P. Genetic mapping of the ecotropic virus-inducing locus Akv-2 of the AKR mouse. J Exp Med. 1980 Nov 1;152(5):1419–1423. doi: 10.1084/jem.152.5.1419. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lowy D. R., Rands E., Chattopadhyay S. K., Garon C. F., Hager G. L. Molecular cloning of infectious integrated murine leukemia virus DNA from infected mouse cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jan;77(1):614–618. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.1.614. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maniatis T., Jeffrey A., Kleid D. G. Nucleotide sequence of the rightward operator of phage lambda. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Mar;72(3):1184–1188. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.3.1184. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Quint W., Quax W., van der Putten H., Berns A. Characterization of AKR murine leukemia virus sequences in AKR mouse substrains and structure of integrated recombinant genomes in tumor tissues. J Virol. 1981 Jul;39(1):1–10. doi: 10.1128/jvi.39.1.1-10.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rowe W. P., Hartley J. W., Bremner T. Genetic mapping of a murine leukemia virus-inducing locus of AKR mice. Science. 1972 Nov 24;178(4063):860–862. doi: 10.1126/science.178.4063.860. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rowe W. P., Kozak C. A. Germ-line reinsertions of AKR murine leukemia virus genomes in Akv-1 congenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Aug;77(8):4871–4874. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.8.4871. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rowe W. P. Leukemia virus genomes in the chromosomal DNA of the mouse. Harvey Lect. 1978;71:173–192. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Steffen D. L., Bird S., Weinberg R. A. Evidence for the Asiatic origin of endogenous AKR-type murine leukemia proviruses. J Virol. 1980 Sep;35(3):824–835. doi: 10.1128/jvi.35.3.824-835.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Steffen D., Bird S., Rowe W. P., Weinberg R. A. Identification of DNA fragments carrying ecotropic proviruses of AKR mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4554–4558. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4554. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Varmus H. E., Quintrell N., Ortiz S. Retroviruses as mutagens: insertion and excision of a nontransforming provirus alter expression of a resident transforming provirus. Cell. 1981 Jul;25(1):23–36. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90228-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yoshimura F. K., Breda M. Lack of AKR ecotropic provirus amplification in AKR leukemic thymuses. J Virol. 1981 Sep;39(3):808–815. doi: 10.1128/jvi.39.3.808-815.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]